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From,Poverty,to,Overall,Well-off:,,Reviewing,China’s,Agricultural,and,Rural,Development,during,the,20th,Century|China go off

发布时间:2019-04-24 04:08:50 影响了:

  Abstract: By applying theories on development economics and institutional economics, and following the path of institutional change in rural development and evolution of the industrial-agricultural, rural-urban relationship, this paper systematically reviews China’s agricultural and rural development over the 20th century. The authors specifically analyze the challenges and problems China has encountered in developing modern agriculture, the new countryside, and the urban-rural coordinated development, and stress the importance of promoting the synchronous development from these four aspects.
  Key words: agriculture and countryside, institutional change, industry-agriculture and urban-rural relationship, overall well-off
  JEL classifications: N00, P41, Q15
  1. Introduction
  China has gone through a hundred years from the end of feudal autocratic monarchy in 1911, to building a moderately prosperous society and striding towards modernization. From the perspective of economic development and institutional change, this paper reviews the history of China’s agricultural transformation, and the development and evolution of its urban-rural relationship. The authors have also systematically analyzed the institutional change in agriculture and the countryside, highlighting the current situation and tasks that lie ahead; while proposing means of accelerating agricultural and rural development.
  The content that follows is structured thus: Part 2 reviews China’s agricultural and rural development policy and practice since 1911; Part 3 discusses changes encountered during its agricultural and rural development; the final analysis proposes means of modernizing agriculture, the construction of a new countryside, and the integration of urban-rural socio-economic development.
  2. Review of One Hundred Years of History
  China’s one hundred years of agriculture and rural development can be categorized into four phases: 1) the early Republic of China (1911-1925); 2) the period of the Nanjing National Government (1925-1948); 3) the period of pre-reform and opening-up (1949-1978), and 4) the reform and opening-up era (1978-2011).
  2.1 The Early Republic of China
  (1) Evolution of the rural system. The government, after the Revolution of 1911 (the Chinese bourgeois democratic revolution led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen who overthrew the Qing Dynasty), had implemented a series of policies to promote rural economic development. They are:
  One, enacting Provisions of Reclaiming State-owned Wasteland to encourage its people to reclaim; two, enacting Provisions of Rewarding Planting Cotton, Producing Sugar and Sheepherding to develop agriculture to supply raw materials; three, enacting Forest Act and Provisions of Awarding Reforestation to improve ecological environment for agricultural production; four, enacting Interim Provisions for Cotton Experimental Farm and Interim Provisions on Stock Breeding Farm to advocate agricultural development through science; five, constructing water conservancy projects to improve agricultural production conditions; six, enacting College Decree (Da Xue Ling) and College Provisions (Da Xue Gui Cheng) to develop specialized schools and institutions to train talent for agriculture.

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