【英语写作文章的开头怎么写】 英语写作格式

文章的开头怎么写

我们在文章的开头段要做三件事。第一是要吸引读者。要在读者一看到文章的第一段，就让他对你的文章感兴趣，要抓住读者的注意力，这一点很重要，因为不吸引读者的注意力，就很可能没有读者，你写文章的目的就很难达到。第二是要表明内容。要立即让读者明白文章的内容是什么，这就要写好篇题句，使读者觉得文章谈及的事情与看书有关，这时，你就有了文章特定的读者。第三是要展开计划。要尽可能用一句话列出文章的展开计划，这样一可以让读者对文章有个清晰的图象，知道下文从哪些方面展开；二可以给作者看书带来方便，可以根据这个提纲组织如何安排段落扩充。例如：

Any school is probably going to get its share of incompetent teachers. I’m told that last year a history professor came to class to give a final exam and then realized he’d forgotten to make one up. Professor Smith tells jokes nobody understands and keeps chuckling to himself about them through the whole class period. Professor Young doesn’t return the mid-term papers until the last day of class, so her students never know how they’re doing until it’s too late. As far as I’m concerned, though, the biggest dud of all is Professor Johnson, my philosophy instructor. He is not prepared for class, does not know the subject well, and he lacks a sense of humor.

在这篇文章中，第一句话是本段落的主题句，亮出了作者的观点，这是开门见山的方法。紧接着举了三个例子来说明不称职的教师的三个特点。然后转入篇题句As far as I’m concerned, though, the biggest dud of all is Professor Johnson, my philosophy instructor，这是作者本篇文章要具体讨论的，说明了本篇文章的具体内容。最后从老师的备课情况、专业知识水平和幽默感三方面列出了文章的展开计划。

在开头段的三件事中，篇题句和展开计划的形式比较固定，但如何抓住读者的注意力的方法却是多种多样的。下面是写好开头段常用的几个技巧：

1） 出人意料的联系

在下面这个开头段中，作者先提供了与这篇文章有关的历史信息，然后，把1776年发生的革命性事件与他自己两百年后的生活出人意料地联系起来，紧紧抓住了读者的兴趣。

A revolutionary event took place at Raleigh Tavern in 1776, an event that has added an important dimension to my life at college. In fact, nearly all American undergraduates are affected in some way by the actions of several students from the College Of William and Mary on December 5, 1776. The formation of the first Greek-letter fraternity, Phi Beta Kappa, started the American college fraternity-sorority tradition that today can be an important addition to your undergraduate education.

2） 似非而是

Here in Sonoma County, California, a missing girl is everywhere. If you forget her for a moment, allowing yourself to get caught up in the rush of your own affairs, suddenly her face is smiling at you from the door of the bank, the post office, the bookstore pinging you back to the reality of her absence.

这里a missing girl is everywhere是个似非而是的句子。它听起来似乎不合情理。但细想又有道理。因为在你去的所有地方（包括银行、邮局、书店等）忙于你个人的事的时候，都会

使你回想到她失踪这个现实。

3）提问

修辞性的问题既可以促使人思考，又自身包含答案，反映作者的态度。

When was the last time you opened a carton in a fast-food restaurant to find a hamburger as appetizing as the ones in the TV commercials? Did you ever look past the counter help to catch a glimpse of a juicy hamburger patty, handsomely panded by the grill, sizzling and crackling as it glides over roaring flames, with tender juices sputtering into the fire?

4）引用

引用别人的话一开头，一方面，可以导入一篇文章的正题，另一方面，表明作者参阅了各种有关论述，增加了作者的权威性，从而增加该文的信度。

William Labov, a noted linguist, once said about the use of black English, “it is the goal of most black Americans to acquire full control of the standard language without giving up their own culture.” He also suggested that there are certain advantages to having two ways to express one’s feelings. I wonder if the good doctor might also consider the goals of those black Americans who have full control of standard English but who are every now and then troubled by that colorful, grammar-to-the-winds patois that is black English. Case in point-me.

5）幽默

幽默使人愉快，能增强文章的可读性。

Did you ever want to leap a tall building I a single bound? I did. Did you ever want to be more powerful than a locomotive? I did. Did you ever want to be faster tan a speeding bullet? I did. As you can tell, I was warped early by the influence of comic books.