足月妊娠羊水过少152例临床分析 正常足月妊娠羊水过少
[摘要] 目的 分析足月妊娠羊水过少的可能影响因素及结局。 方法 选择本院收住院的羊水过少者152例作为观察组，随机选择同期羊水量正常足月妊娠孕妇150例作为对照组，对比两组孕妇的胎儿窘迫、羊水污染、新生儿窒息、剖宫产、缺氧性脑病、产后病率、产后出血等发生情况。 结果 脐带绕颈、男性胎儿、B超胎盘Ⅲ级、子痫前期等为影响羊水过少的相关因素。观察组胎儿窘迫、羊水污染、新生儿窒息、剖宫产、缺氧性脑病、产后病率、产后出血发生率显著高于对照组，结果对比差异有统计学意义。 结论 脐带绕颈、男性胎儿、B超胎盘Ⅲ级、子痫前期等为影响羊水过少的相关因素，羊水过少时胎儿窘迫、羊水污染、新生儿窒息及缺氧性脑病、剖宫产、产后病率、产后出血发生率显著提高。
[关键词] 羊水过少；足月妊娠；剖宫产；临床分析
[中图分类号] R714 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721（2012）07（c）-0044-02
Clinical analysis of full-term pregnancy oligohydramnios in 152 cases
CHEN Xuefen
Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, North District People′s Hospital of Guigang City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guigang 537100, China
[Abstract] Objective To analysis the influence factor and outcomes of full-term pregnancy oligohydramnio. Methods One hundred and fifty-two oligohydramnios cases in our hospital were selected as the observation group, random selection of the same period of 150 normal amniotic fluid full-term pregnancy cases as control group, fetal distress, amniotic fluid contamination, neonatal asphyxia, cesarean section, anoxic encephalopathy, puerperal morbidity, postpartum hemorrhage were contrasted between the two groups. Results Umbilical cord around the neck, male fetuses, B ultrasound placenta Ⅲ, preeclampsia were affect risk factors of oligohydramnios. The observation groups′ fetal distress, amniotic fluid contamination, neonatal asphyxia, cesarean section, anoxic encephalopathy, puerperal morbidity, postpartum hemorrhage incidence rate were significantly higher than the control group, the results were statistically significant. Conclusion Umbilical cord around the neck, male fetuses, B ultrasound placenta Ⅲ, preeclampsia are the effect risk factors of oligohydramnios, oligohydramnios patients′ fetal distress, amniotic fluid contamination, neonatal asphyxia,cesarean section, anoxic encephalopathy, puerperal morbidity, postpartum hemorrhage incidence rate are significantly higher.
[Key words] Oligohydramnios; Full-term pregnancy; Cesarean section; Clinical analysis
妊娠晚期羊水量少于300 mL者，称为羊水过少（oligohydramnios）。妊娠早、中期的羊水过少，多以流产告终。以往认为羊水过少的发生率约为0.1%，但近年由于B型超声的广泛应用，羊水过少的检出率为0.5%～4.0%，检出率有所增加[1]。羊水过少严重影响围生儿的预后而受到重视。本研究观察本院2年多来收治的羊水过少足月妊娠分娩152例患者资料，现报道如下：
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择本院2010年1月～2011年12月收住院的足月妊娠分娩产妇共4 947例，其中羊水过少者152例作为观察组，羊水过少发生率为3.07%。孕妇年龄22～39岁，平均（28.7±8.5）岁。其中，初产妇110例，经产妇42例。孕龄为37+2～42+3周，其中37+2～40周孕妇63例，40+1～41+6周孕妇85例，42～42+3周孕妇4例。随机选择同期分娩、羊水量正常的足月妊娠孕妇150例作为对照组，两组孕妇在年龄、产次等各项资料上对比差异无统计学意义，P ＞ 0.05，具有可比性。