【初一英语句子的基本成分】 初一英语短语
起航教育英语句子的基本成分
一、句子的基本成分
句子的基本成分有以下几种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。
主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语
1或从句担当，位于句首。
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（名词化的形容词）
（句子）
找出下列句中的主语：
1、The sun rises in the east.
2、Twenty years is a short time in history.
3、The poor are now living in the shelter.
4、Seeing is believing.
5、To see is to believe.
6、He likes dancing.
7、What he needs is a book.
8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
2主语后。
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;
找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）：
1. We love China.
2. We have finished reading this book.
3. He can speak English.
4. She seems tired.
3
（名词） （代词） （数词） （名词化的形容词） （不定式） （动名词） （句子）
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语. 直接宾语指物或事, 间接宾语指人或动物.
宾语 宾语
指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：
please pass me the book.
He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
找出下列句子的宾语部分：
1. We often help him.
2. He likes to play basketball.
3. We enjoy listening to the music.
4. She said that he felt sick.
5. They are talking about the new student.
4于系动词之后。
He is a student.
We are tired.
注意：除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，
1) 表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
2) 表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。
3) 表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
I ’I don’
找出下列句中的表语。
1. I am a teacher.
2. They are on the playground.
3. My job is teaching English.
4. It gets cold.
5. It sounds interesting.
5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。
The black bike is mine.（形容词）
The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语）
I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式） （名词） （数词）
（名词所有格） （动名词） （现在分词） （过去分词）
注意：1、当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如： I tell him something interesting. 2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。例如： The boys who are in the room are playing games.
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置 找出下列句子的定语。
1. The black bike is mine.
2. She is a chemistry teacher.
3. The man in blue is my pother.
4. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.
5. The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.
6、状语：用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置灵活。
1、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；
I am very sorry.
2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。 In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.
They are writing English in the classroom.
3、一些表示不确定时间（如：often ）或程度（如：almost ）的副词状语通常位于be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
We often help him.
He is always late for class.
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
找出下列句中的状语
1. We often help him.
2. I really don’t like the food.
3. He did his homework carefully at home.
4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.
5. When I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.
7、宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ： make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. 宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。找出下列句子的宾语补足语：
1. They elected John monitor.
2. We call him Iron Ox.
3. The doctor told me to do more exercise.
4. They made her happy.
5. He is going to have his hair cut.
6. They saw a bird flying in the sky.
8、同位语：同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
W e young people should respect the old.（名词）
He himself will do the experiment.（代词）
He is the oldest among them four.（数词）
He told me the news that our team won the game.（从句）