高考英语必考40知识点
高考英语必考40知识点_高考英语60个必考知识点大汇总
高考英语 60 个必考知识点大汇总 1. be fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式。
He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗? He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。
2. hunt for = look for 寻找 I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。
hunt for a job 找工作 3. in order to/so as to：这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to 可放于句首, so as to 则不能, 其否定形式为 in order not to / so as not to. He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting. In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。
4. care about 1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care for She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。
2）关心 = care for She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people. 她只考虑 自己。她不关心别人。
3）在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分） These young people care nothing about what old people might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。
5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目, 像物理、化学。
6. drop a line 留下便条, 写封短信 7. make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束 If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。
8. stay up 不睡；熬夜 （1） I'll be late home, don't stay up for me. 我将回家很晚，不要等我了。
（2） He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning. 他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。
9. come about 引起；发生；产生 （1）How did the accident come about? 这场事故是怎么发生的？ （2） They didn't know how the change had come about. 他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。
10. except for 除……之外 （1） except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类 事物中被排除的一项。如： ①He answered all the questions except the last one. 除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。
②We go there every day except Sunday. 除了星期天，我们天天去那里。
（2）except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如： ①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty. 除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。
②Your picture is good except for the colours. 你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。
（3）但在现代英语中，except for 也用于表示 except 的意思。如上述 第一个例子可以是： He answered all the questions except for the last one. （4） 另外，在介词短语之前只能用 except，不能用 except for。
We go to bed before ten, except in the summer. 除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。
11. end up with 以……告终；以……结束 The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。
12. more or less 几乎；差不多；大约；大概；大体上 （1） I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't. 我差不多成功了，而他们没有。
（2） Our living condition has more or less improved. 我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。
13. bring in 引进；引来；吸收 （1） We should bring in new technology. 我们应该引进新技术。
（2） He brings in 800 dollars a month. 他一个月挣八百美元。
14. get away（from） 逃离 （1）The thieves got away from the shop with all our money. 小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。
（2）I caught a really big fish but it got away. 我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。
15. watc
高考英语必考40知识点_高三英语重要知识点：高考必考的40个重点句型
高三英语重要知识点：高考必考的 40 个重点句型发布时间：2012-8-23 浏览人数：386 本文编辑：高考学习句型 1 would rather that somebody did…"宁愿……;更愿意……"(表示现在或将来的愿望) would rather that somebody had done…"宁愿……;更愿意……"(表示过去的愿望) [例句] I'd rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在去寄信。
I'd rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together. 我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。
I'd rather that I hadn't seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没有看到她。
句型 2 as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像……(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过 去的情况用过去完成时)[参考句型 4] [例句] Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her. Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan 谈起罗马来就好像他去过 那里似的。
句型 3 "wish +宾语从句"，表示不大 可能实现的愿望 表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时; 表示过去的愿望：主语+had done; 表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do [例句] How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我们学生多么希 望有更多的自由时间放松自己! I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn't wasted so much time playing! What a pity you can't go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party! 句型 4 It's high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should 通常不省略) …早 就该…… [例句] It's time that you went to school.= It's time that you should go to school. It's high time that we did something to improve our environment. 该是我们为 环保做些事情了。
I think it's high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。 句型 5 情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法 could have done "本来可以……"(表示过去没有实现的可能)。
might have done "本来可能……;本来应该或可以做某事"(实际没有发生;含有轻微的 责备语气。
should/ought to have done "本来该做某事"(而实际未做) should not/ought not to have done "本来不该做"(实际却做过了，含有责备语气) needn't have done "本来不必做"(但是已经做过了) would rather have done "当时宁愿做了某事"(实际没有做过);否定式 would rather not have done 表达相反意思，两者都有表示"后悔"之意。
句型 6 as, though, although 引导的让步状语从句。
[注意]although 位于句首;though 位于句首或句中;as 位于句中=though。它的词序是 把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。[参考倒装结构] 请注意下列句式的 变化： [例句] 1. Although/Though I'm young, I already know what career I want to follow. →Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow. 我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。
2. Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea. →Much as/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea. 虽然我很尊重他， 但是我不同意他的观点。
3. Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. →Child(省略冠词)as/though he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. 他虽 然还是个孩子，却认识了许多汉字。
4. Although he tried, he couldn't solve the problem. →Try as he might, he couldn't solve the problem. 尽管他努力了，但是他没有解 决问题。
5. Although it is raining, I'm going out for a walk. →Raining as it is, I'm going out for a walk. 天虽然在下雨，我还是要出去散步。
6. Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 这次意外虽然 显得不可思议，却没有人受伤。
7. Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do. 虽然我很想帮助你，但是 我有很多事要做。
8. Object as you may, I will go. 纵使你反对，我也要去。
句型 7 …before…特殊用法(1)"没来得及……就……" [例句] The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. 他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。
He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。
To my great disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her. 让我非常失望的是，我还没有来得及和我最喜欢的歌手打招呼，她就已经离开了。
句型 8 …before…特殊用法(2)"过了多久才……"或"动作进行到什么程度才……" [例句] They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village. 他们西行 50 英里才看到一个村庄。
The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal. 工人们连续工作 3 天才使一切恢复正常。
He almost knocked me down before he knew it. 他几乎撞到我了才意识到。
We had walked a long way before we found some water. 我们走了很长的路才找到一点水。
Five years went by before I knew it. 不知不觉，五年过去了。
句型 9 It was + 时间段+before…."过了多久才(怎么样)……" It was not long before…."不久，就……" It will (not) be +时间段+before…."要过多久(不久)……才……"(before 从句谓语 动词要用一般时态) [例句] It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他 处境的危险。
It was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回来。
It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再过半年你才能毕 业。
It will not be long before they understand each other. 他们大概不久就会互相 了解。
句型 10 in case of…(+n.) "以防;万一"; in case that…"以防，万一……"(谓语动词用一般现在时态或 should+动词原形) [例句] In case of fire, what should we do? Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 万一我忘了，请提醒 我。
In case (that) John comes/should come, please tell him to wait. Please take your umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).带上雨伞，以防 下雨。
句型 11 It 强调句型 强调句的基本构成：It is/was + 被强调的部分 + who(主要指人时)/that + 其余部分 [注意 1] 这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语(包括时间，地点，方式，原因等)，但是不 能强调谓语动词(参考句型 15)。
原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用 It is…that/who….; 原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用 It was…that/who….; 强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用 when, where 或 how, 必须用 that。
[例句 1] I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. →It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.(强调主语) →It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.(强调地点状语) →It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.(强调时间状语) →It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.(强调宾语) [例句 2] He didn't go to bed until his mother came back. →It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed. He didn't do his homework until his father came back from work. →It wasn't until his father came back from work that he did his homework. [例句 3] Only when you nearly lose someone do you fully realize how much you value him. →It is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him. 只有你快要失去某个人时，你才意识到你是多么尊重他。
[例句 4] I was late again because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour. →It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again. (强调句中只能强调由 because 引导的原因状语从句， because 不能换成 since, as, for, now that 等) [注意 2]强调句的疑问结构 一般疑问句 Is / Was it +被强调部分 +who / that …? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+is /was +it +who / that…? What is/was it that…? Who is/was it that…? When is/was it that…? Where is/was it that…? Why is/was it that…? How is/was it that…? [例句 1] I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. →When was it that you saw him in the street? →Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon? →Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon? [例句 2] I don't know when he will come back. →I don't know when it is that he will come back.(宾语从句疑问词后用陈述句语 序) -How was it that you got in touch with Mr. Smith? 你是怎么和 Smith 先生联系上 的? -Trough a friend of mine. 通过一个朋友。
句型 12 (1)、祈使句(表条件)+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句(表结果)… "否则…，要不然… " (2)、祈使句(表条件)+ and +主句(表结果) [例句] Hurry up, or you'll be late for class. Please call me up before you come, otherwise/or else/or we might be out. 你来之前打个电话，否则，我们也许会出去。
Think it over and you will find the answer. Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。
Work hard and you will make progress every day. 好好学习，天天向上。
句型 13 …until…."直到……时候";not…until…"直到……才……" [例句] You are to stay until/till your mother comes back. 你得等到你妈妈回来。
The meeting was put off until ten o'clock. 会议推迟到十点钟。
The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river. →Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(倒装句) 等到湖里的鱼全死光了，村民们才意识到污染是多么严重。
He didn't go to bed until his mother came back. →It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.(强调句) Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games. Not until his son came back from school did he go to bed. 句型 14 unless…"除非，如果不……"(=if…not) [例句] I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。
-Shall Tom go and play football? -Not unless he has finished his homework. 除非他完成作业，否则不能出去。
I won't go unless he comes to invite me himself. 除非他本人来邀请我，不然我是不会去的。
I won't attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited). 除 非被邀请，否则我不 去参加的生日晚会。
句型 15 when 引导的从句 when 除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有 一种用法值得关注，那就是 when 引导并列分句，意思是"这 时突然;就在那时"，强调另一 个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：(1)、主语 + be doing… when…意思是"正在做某 事这时……";(2)、主语 + be about to do…when…;(3)、主语+be on the point of (doing) …when…意思是"正要去做某事这时……" [例句] One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. 有一天，Chuck 正在太平洋上飞行，这时他的飞机突然爆炸了。
I don't know when he will arrive. 我不晓得他什么时候到达。
I thought of the happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了在北京时的那段快 乐日子。
I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上没有武器的日子不久就会到来。
I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 我正 在河边行走，这时我突然听到一个落水男孩求救。
I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我刚要离开，这时下雨了。
I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang, announcing the class was over. 我刚做完作业，下课铃响了。
I thought of the happy days when I was in France. 我想到了在法国时那段快乐日 子。
I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上没有武器的日子不久就会来临。
[比较] I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailor's shop. 我正 在街上走，这时我看见一家裁缝店。
I was walking along the streets. Just at the moment I caught sight of a tailor's shop. 我在街上走。就在那时我看见一家裁缝店。
句型 16 while 引导的从句 while 除了有"当/在……时候"的意思外(注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动 词!)，另外的两层意思也是考查的重点： (1)while = although "尽管"、"虽然"，引导让 步状语从句;(2)while 的意思是"然而;可是"，常用来表达对比关系。 [例句] While I admit that the problem is difficult, I don't think that they can't be solved. 尽管我承认这个问题很难，但是我并不认为无法解决。
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. 虽然我承认他的优点，我也能看出他的缺点。
While I was angry with her, I didn't lose my temper. 虽然我很生气，但我当时没有对她发脾气。
While I understand your viewpoint, I don't agree with you. 虽然我了解你的见 解， 我还是不能同意(你)。
I earn only 120 dollars a week, while she earns 180 dollars. 我一星期只赚 120 美元，她却赚 180 美元。
句型 17 where…(地点从句) [注意]where 引导地点从句时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语 从句中作地点状语，指代地点时，这时可以用 in which, on which, at which, to which, from which 等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，没有这样用法。
[例句] You should put the book where it was. 把书放回原处。
Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure. 不屈不挠者从他人失败的地方获取成功。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
Where men are greedy, there is never peace. 人类贪欲不止，世界和平无望。
Go where you should, keep on studying. 无论你到哪里，你都应该继续学习。
That is the building where my father works. 那是我父亲工作的大楼。
Yesterday I went to the department store, where I met my teacher. 昨天我去百 货公司，就在那儿遇见了我的老师。
That's where a change is needed. 那就是需要变更的地方。
We could see the runners very well from where we stood. 从我们所站的地方能很 清楚地看到赛跑的选手。
You should let your children play where you can see them. 你应该让小孩在你的 视线所及的地方玩耍。
Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.=Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.(本句 where 引导定语从句) 有些地方太冷不能种水稻，但可以种马铃薯。
[请比较下面的句子结构的不同] Potatoes can be grown where it is too cold to grow rice.(本句 where 引导地点 状语从句) 句型 18 what 引导的从句 what 在英语中非常活跃,它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，但是不用来 引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。
[例句] What is the population of the world? 世界的人口有多少? What did you pay for this picture? 这幅画你付了多少钱? What is most important in life isn't money. 人生最重要的并非是金钱。
Will you show me what you bought? 可以把你所买的东西给我看一下吗? Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. Mary 已经不是 10 年前的她了。
句型 19 as 引导的非限制性定语从句 在 as 引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词 as 在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等， 可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子 前面，在句子中间或句子 末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember 等。
[注意 1]as 通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。
[注意 2]as 引导的非限制性定语从句通常指"事先可以预料到的""料想到的"， 表达"好" 的方面。
[注意 3]as 引导限制性定语从句时，常构成 the same…as…; such…as…; so/as … as…等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。
[例句] This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告诉过你，这也是你 工作的一部分。
The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 从那人说话的 样子可明显看出，他是个老师。
Such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那样偶然想起的主意是无用的。
It's the same story as I heard from her yesterday. 这故事跟我从她那儿听到的 相同。
He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要尽可能找漂亮的女孩结婚。
Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected. 那些对世界做出巨大贡献的人们应该受到极大的尊重。
句型 20 which 引导的非限制性定语从句(也引导限制性定语从句) which 引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容(如 单词或词组等)，在句子中可以作主语、宾语(动词或介词 的)、定语等。注意它在句子中的 位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是"不好的"、"事先没有预料到的" 等时，常用 which，只指物。
[例句] Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州，是世界上最美丽的国家公园 之一。
The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good order. 这时钟是我祖 父买的，现在还走时很准。
The picture, for which he paid an enormous amount of money, was a forgery. 那幅画他花了一大笔钱购买，却是幅赝品。
She changed her mind again, which made us all angry. 她又改变了主意，这使我 们大家都生气了。
I lived three years in Paris, during which time I learned French. 我在巴黎住 了三年，在那期间我学了法语。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天气结果转晴，这是我们没有预料到的。
句型 21 (1)、疑问词+ever whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 用来引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter 和 what, who, which, when, where, how 连用。
[例句] Whatever (=No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope. 无论发生什么事，我们都不能失去希望。
Whatever reasons you (may) have, you should carry out a promise. 无论你有什 么理由，你都应该遵守诺言。
Whoever (=No matter who) comes, he will be warmly welcome. 无论谁来，都会受 到热烈欢迎。
Whenever (=No matter when) it happened, it was certainly not yesterday. 此事无论发生在何时，但绝不是昨天。
Whenever you (may) call, you will find her sitting by the window. 无论什么时 候你去找她，你都会看到她坐在窗边。
Wherever (=No matter where) he went, he made friends with people. Whichever (=No matter which) of them you many choose, the quality will be the same. 他们当中不论你选哪一个，品质都一样。
However (=No matter how) hard I have tried, I can't find the answer. (2)、whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever 等引导名词性从句，这时不能用 no matter+疑问词替换。
[例句] Take whichever you want. 你要哪个就拿哪个。
We will do whatever we can to help him out. 我们要尽力帮助他摆脱困境。
I'll show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什么我就给你看什么。
Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁做这件事都要得到报酬。
Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. 任何人在这种大 雨中行走都会患感冒。 You may invite whomever(口语中常用 whoever 代替)you like to the party. 你可以 邀请你喜欢的人来参加晚会。
Take whatever magazines you want to read. 你可以取阅任何你想读的杂志。
倒装结构 句型 22 全倒装句型(一) here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away 等副词放在句首，句子需要全部 倒装 [例句] There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 铃响了! Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽车来了。
Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 该轮到你发言了。
Away went the thief when he saw the police. Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的时候到了。
[注意] (1)在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或 be 动词，像 go, come, rush, live, stand, lie 等。
(2)主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如：Away he went. 他走远了。
句型 23 全倒装句型(二) 表示方位的状语放在句首， 句子全倒装;谓语动词多为 be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物动词。
[例句] On a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他们面前的山上矗立着一座 巨大的城堡。
In front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停着一辆警车。
Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角处有个年轻的警察在行走。
Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在树下坐着一个大约 10 岁的男孩。
句型 24 全倒装句型(三) (表语)adj. / v-ing / v-ed +(地点状语)+ be(或其他动词形式)… So adj./adv…that…如此……以至于……(so 引导的句子倒装，而 that 引导的句子不 倒装!) (这种结构是半倒装句。) [例句] Present at the meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer. 出 席会议的有经理，设计师和词作者。
Fastened to the pole is the National flag. 旗杆上有一面国旗。
Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. 有几个顽皮的孩子藏在门后 面。 Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在教室后面的是几位老教师，他们在认真地听新教师 的课。
Gone are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses. 农民住在破旧房子里的日子过去了。
Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 相声是中国典型的喜剧，两个演员通过玩弄词藻来逗乐观 众。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. 他说英语非常清晰，别人都能听懂他的话。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光运行非常快， 我们几乎无法想象它的速度。
句型 25 半倒装句(一) 否定意义的副词或短语放在句首，句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means(决不), at no time(在任 何时候都不)，nowhere, in no case (无论如何都不);not in the least (=not at all) , on no condition(决不) 等。
[例句] Never shall I forget you. At no time was the man aware of what was happening. 那个人根本没有注意到发生 的情况。
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time. 我那时几乎没有明白 他给我说的话。
It's beyond description. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place. 那真是用语言难以形容。世界上没有其他地方会有这么安静、美丽的地方了。
Not a single mistake did he make in the exam. 他在考试中没有犯一个错误。
By no means are these works of art satisfactory. 这些艺术品根本不能令人满意。
On no condition should you visit that place. 你决不能去那个地方。
句型 26 半倒装句(二) not only…, but also…(前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装) [例句] Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away. 不仅他拥有的一切被那走了， 就连他的德国国籍也被取消了。
They suggested not only should we attend the party but also give a performance. 他们建议我们不仅要参加晚会，还要进行表演。
Not only should we students study hard, we also should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time. 我们学生不仅要学习好，还应该知道在课余时间怎样享受生活。 句型 27 半倒装句(三) neither, nor 放在句首 [例句] If you don't go to see the movie, neither will I. 如果你不去看电影，我也不去。
--Why didn't you buy the jacket? --Neither was the price satisfactory, nor did the color agree with me. 价格不能令人满意，颜色也不太适合我。
I don't like him, nor do I care about him. 我不喜欢他，也不关心他。
句型 28 半倒装句(四) "only + 状语"放在句首，句子半倒装 [例句] Only when the war was over did he return to work. 直到战争结束他才回去工作。
Only after you have reached eighteen can you join the army. 你只有到了 18 岁 才能参军。
Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life. 只有这样，我们对生活中的机遇和挑战才会有充分的准备。
Only by changing the way we live will we be able to save the earth. 只有改变生活方式，我们才能拯救地球。
[注意]这种结构的倒装只在 only 引导状语的时候使用， only 引导主语的时候不用倒装。
Only in this way can you work out the problem. 你只有用这种方法才能做出题目。
Only this way can help you work out the problem. 只有这种方法才能帮你做出题 目。
句型 29 半倒装句(五) so + be 动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 "……也……"(表示肯定意思) neither/nor +动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 "……也……"(表示否定意思) [例句] She is interested in the story, so am I. He enjoys playing the guitar, so do I. I saw the film last night, so did he. In the past 20 years, our society has changed a lot, so have our eating habits. 近 20 年来。我们的社会发生了很大的变化，我们的饮食习惯也变了。
Tom didn't attend the meeting last night; nor did Mary. Tom 没来参加昨晚的会 议，Mary 也没来。
I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has Tom. [比较 1] "so + 主语 + 助动词" 表示肯定已有的观点或事实 [例句] -We have all worked hard these days. -So we have.(的确如此) I promised to help him, and so I did.(我确实帮助他了) [比较 2] "主语 + 助动词 + so" 表示按照别人的要求去做 [例句] The wounded little boy asked me to lift him up and I did so. The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply and he did so. 句型 30 so it is with somebody = it's the same with somebody 前者怎么 样，后者也怎么样 [注意]前面既有否定句又有肯定句， 或有多个谓语动词或助动词难以选择时， 用此句型。
[例句] John likes English but he doesn't like maths, so it is with me (so it is the same with me). Tom is a student and he studies hard, so it is with me. -He was really manly enough to be responsible for what he had done. 他像个男 子汉，敢于对自己的所作所为负责。
-So he was, and so it was with you. 他的确如此，你当时也一样。
虚拟语气 句型 31 (从句)If + were/did(动词的过去式)，(主句)主语 + would/might/should/could + do(表示对现在情况的假设) [例句] If I were you, I would not be so proud. 如果我是你，我不会如此自负。
I don't have a cellphone. If I had one, it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others. If I were in your position, I would think better of it. 如果我处在你的位置， 我会好好考虑它。
句型 32 (从句)If + had done, (主句)主语+ would/might/should/could +have done(表示对 过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设) [例句] What a pity it is that you didn't attend the concert yesterday! If you had attended the concert, you would have seen the famous singer. 真遗憾昨天你没有去听音乐会。如果你去了，就能见到那位著名歌手。
Anyone in his position would have done the same. =If anyone had been in his position, he would have done the same. 任何处在他 位置的人都会这样做的。
句型 33 (从句)If + were/did(动词过去式)/were to do/should do，(主句)主语+ would/might/should/could + do(表示对将来的假设) [例句] If he should refuse (= If he were to refuse=If he refused), it didn't matter at all. 万一他拒绝了，那也没关系。
If you shouldn't pass the college entrance examination, what would you do? 万一高考不中，你该怎么办? 句型 34 虚拟语气条件句的倒装 在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有 were, had, should，可以省去 if, 把这些词放在句子前 面，构成虚拟倒装句。
[例句] Should he act like that again, he would be fined. 如果他还这样做，就要受罚。
Had the doctor come in time last night (=If the doctor had come in time last time), the boy would have been saved. 昨天晚上要是医生及时到达，小孩就会得救。
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes. Had I enough money (= If I had enough money), I would buy a larger house. 句型 35 if only 引起的感叹句，相当于 "How I wish + 宾语从句"，意思是"但愿……;要是…… 就好了" [例句] If only he could come! 他要是能来就好了! If only we students didn't have so much homework!要是没有这么多的作业该多好! If only I hadn't been so careless in the exam! 我当时没有那么粗心就好了! 句型 36 if it were not for… (= were it not for…) if it hadn't been for… (= had it not been for…)"要不是因为有……;如果不是…… " [注意]这种结构中不能用否定结构的缩写形式，即不能用 weren't it for…) [例句] If it hadn't been for (= Had it not been for) the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn't have been saved. 要不是船长一直坚强，船上的旅客就不 会得救。
If it were not for your rich parents, you couldn't live so easy a life. 要不 是你父母有钱，你的生活不会如此安逸。
If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 如果不是因为经费问题， 我现在就出国了。
句型 37 "but for + 名词"和"but that +从句"，意思是"倘若不是;要不是"，接虚拟语气 [例句] But for air and water, nothing could live. (= If there were no air or water, nothing could live.) 如果没有空气和水，什么东西都难以生存。
But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. = If it hadn't been for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 如果不是 暴风雨，我们早就到了。
But for you, we couldn't have carried out the plan. 要不是你的话，我们无法实 施那项计划。
She could not have believed it but that she saw it. 若非亲眼所见，她是不会相 信的。
句型 38 在动词 insist(1 坚持做某事)，order, command(2 命令), advise, suggest, propose(3 建议做某事)，demand, require, request, ask(4 要求)等表示建议、命令、要求的名词性 从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。基本句型：主语+ (should) + 动词原形。另外像 decide, desire, intend, recommend 等也要接(should)+动词原形结构。
[例句] Mother insists that Tom (should) go to bed at nine o'clock.(宾语从句) We suggested that the meeting (should) be held at once. It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.(主语从句) The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.(同位语从句) That is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.(表语从句) [注意 1] advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision, requirement 等名词引导的同位语从句或表语从句，谓语动词用 (should) + 动词原形。
[注意 2] It's suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired 等结构后的主语从句中，谓语 动词用(should) + 动词原形。
[注意 3]suggest 意思是"表明， 暗示;说明"时;insist 意思是"坚持观点， 坚持看法"时， 句子不能用虚拟语气。
[例句] He insisted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他坚持说自己 是无辜的。
He insisted that he had never done wrong. 他坚持说没有做错事情。
Are you suggesting that I'm not suited for the job? 你是在暗示说我不适合做那 项工作? The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 脸上的表情说明老师对结果感到满意。 句型 39 It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential(基本的)等结构后的主语 从句中要用虚拟语气，即主语+(should)+动词原形 [例句] It's necessary that Tom take the exam first. Tom 有必要先参加考试。
With the society developing very fast, it's quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and computer. 随着社会的快速发展，我们 有必要精通英语和电脑。
句型 40 It's strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) … should do…should 表示"竟然" [例句] It's a pity that she should miss the chance. 很遗憾她错过了机会。
It's really surprising that a prophecy(预言)should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人惊讶的是，预言和事实竟然如此巧合。
It's strange that he shouldn't pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然没有通过考试。
高考英语必考40知识点_高考英语必考知识点汇总及考点要求(精选篇)
Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education培育东方精英,打造优质教育！高考英语必考语法知识点汇总高考政策及题型解读：上海卷采取 3+3 模式 （语数英个 150 分+小三科各 70 分） ， 英语有两次考试机会 （春 季考、夏季靠）择期中分数最高计入最终的高考成绩 听力 30 分（24 题） 、语音词汇 20 分（语法 10 题、词汇 10 题） 、阅读理解 45 分（完 形填空类 15 题、语篇阅读类 15 题、概括类 1 题） 、翻译 15 分、写作 25 分① 相关概念1. 词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果 我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话， 我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时 一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母 n. v. vt. vi. modal v. aux. v. adj. adv. num. 原词 noun verb transitive verb intransitive verb modal verb auxiliary verb adjective adverb numeral 代表词性 名词 动词 及物动词 不及物动词 情态动词 助动词 形容词 副词 数词 interj. pron. prep. art. conj interjection pronoun preposition article conjunction 感叹词 代词 介词 冠词 连词2. 及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物 动词。
The door opened. (open 后面没跟宾语，此时，open 是不及物动词。) He opened the door. (open 后面有宾语 the door, 此时， open 是及物动词。
) 注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词， 关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相 同。
如： The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义 不同。
如： The man walked away. (walk 不及物动词，意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk 及物动词，“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash 及物动词，“洗”) The clothes washes well. (wash 不及物动词，“耐洗”)培育东方精英,打造优质教育！arrived 一起作谓语，是助动词。) I have been painting all day. （have been 用来帮助构成 现在完成进行时，和 painting 一起作谓语，都是助动 词。
） 帮助构成否定句和疑问句的： Does he like English? (does 帮助构成一般疑问句，没有 具体意义，是助动词。) He doesn’t have lunch at home. (does 只是帮助构成否定 句，没有具体意义，是助动词。)帮助构成被动语态的 Trees are planted in spring. (are 帮助构成被动语态，没 有具体意义，是助动词。) 英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。
The house has been pulled down. (has been 帮助构成时 He listens to the music every day. (listen 为不及物动词， 态和语态，是助动词。) 帮助构成虚拟语气 而汉语中“听”是及物动词。) If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a 是助动词， 属于 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词， mistake.(had, have 帮助构成虚拟语气， 谓语的一部分。
) 及物动词填 vt.，不及物填 vi.。
考点1. 考点2. 考点3. 考点4. The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. (vt) She spoke at the meeting this morning. （vi） Shall I begin at once?（vi） She began working as a teacher after she left school.（vt） （vt） 帮助构成倒装句的 So did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday. (他如此爱他的母亲以至于他母亲生日那一天，他给她 买了许多礼物。did 只是帮助构成倒装句，没有具体意 义，是助动词。) 帮助构成强调意义的 He did come yesterday. (他昨天确实来过。did 起强调作 用，没有具体意义，是助动词。) 因此可以看出，常见的助动词为 do, be, have，它们 为基本助动词。
一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词，具体是 哪一种，主要看它们在句中的功能。
He did his homework at seven o’clock.(did 单独作谓语， 意为“做”，是实义动词。) Did he do his homework yesterday? (did 是助动词，帮助 构成一般疑问句，do 是实义动词，意为“做”，是实义 动词。) He has had breakfast. (has 是助动词，帮助构成现在完 成时，had 是实义动词，意为“吃”。has had 一起构成 了句子的谓语。) 情态动词 情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要 和实义动词一起作谓语。因此，情态动词也称为情 态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于，基 本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。
如：3. 实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义 和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。
实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。
如： He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独 作谓语，为实义动词。) I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓 语，为实义动词。
） I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确， 单独作谓语，为实义动词。
） 助动词 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此，助动词是 指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问 句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身 无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。
帮助构成时态的： The boy is crying.(is 用来帮助构成现在进行时，和 crying 一起作谓语，是助动词。) He has arrived. (has 用来帮助构成现在完成时，和 Shanghai Oriental High Quality EducationHe can swim across the river.(can 的词义为“能够”) You must stay at home. (must 词义为“必须”) I might leave tomorrow.（might 的词义为“或许” ） 4. 谓语和非谓语培育东方精英,打造优质教育！个动作着眼， 而是从恢复成一句话后是 “主动语态” 还是“被动语态”着眼。
主动关系： 从逻辑关系上看，相当于主动语态。如： The boy crying over there is Tom.(在那边哭的那个男孩) 从逻 辑上讲，the boy…cry, 男孩哭，相当于主动语态，是 主动关系。在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再 出现动词时，要变成非谓语形式，即：在前面加 to 构 成动词不定式，或在后面加-ing 构成动名词或现在分 被动关系： 词，或在后面加-ed 构成过去分词。也就是说，非谓 从逻辑关系上看，相当于被动语态。如：The house 语是指：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
built last year is the strongest.(去年建的那座房子) 从逻辑上讲， the house was built,房子被建， 相当于被 先找出句中的谓语，然后改正句中的错误，并说明原 动语态，是被动关系。
因。
在上两题中， 逻辑关系可以表达为： This kind of food 考点1. Getting up early is good for our health. tasted wonderful. The food smells delicious. 逻辑上 早起有利于我们的身体健康。
food 和 taste、smell 是一种主谓关系，是主动语态， 考点2. I want to go home now. 我现在想回家。
因此填现在分词。
考点3. 考点4. 考点5. 考点6. 考点7. My favorite sport is playing football. 我最喜爱的运动是踢足球。
There is a bird sings in the tree. 有一只鸟正在树上唱歌。
The boy sits over there likes singing. 坐在那边的那个男孩喜欢唱歌。
The house was built last year has been sold out. 去年建的那座房子已经出售了。
The girls are singing over there are my classmates. 在那边唱歌的那些女孩是我的同学。
My parents wanted him work hard. 我父母亲想让他努力学习。
I remember saw him that day. 我记得那天看见过他。
我看到他跑进那座建筑物。
5. 主动关系和被动关系 先看下面两个题： 因此，上两题的答案为 C 和 C。
6. 逻辑上的主谓关系 在判断是否是宾语补足语时，一般说，“宾语和 宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系”。一些同学对这 句话不理解。如： He asked me to lend him some money.他让我借给他 一些钱。
“me”是宾语，“me to lend him some money”意为 “我借给他一些钱” 。从意思上看，这像一句话， “我” 是主语， “借给他一些钱”是谓语部分，但在英语原句 中，它们却不是真正的主谓关系。因此可以说“逻辑 上的主谓关系” ，是指，从意思上看像主谓关系，而实 际上不是。“to lend him some money”是宾语补足语。
判断下列句中画线部分是否是宾语补足语。
(是的填 T， 不是的填 F) I want him to come at once. (T) He lent me some money. (F) He made the boy cry again. ( T )考点8. 考点9.考点10. I saw him walked into the building.The teacher found him cheating in the exam. ( T ) 1. ______ wonderful, this kind of food enjoyed a good Don’t leave the door open at night. (T) sale. A. Tasted B. Being tasted 7. 复合结构 C. Tasting D. Having tasted 2. The food ______ delicious sells well. A. smells B. smelled C. smelling D. is smelling 一些同学分别选 A 和 B。他们说，食物是被品尝、 被闻的， 和食物构成被动关系， 所以要用过去分词。
这种说法是错误的。
非谓语中的主动关系和被动关系，不是从谁做了这 在我们学习语法的过程中， 我们可能会听说 “复 合宾语” 、 “动名词的复合结构”和“动词不定式的 复合结构” 。
实际上，这几个“复合” ，都有“逻辑上的主谓关系” 之意。如： He invited us to come to the party. (us 是宾语，to come to the party 是宾语补足语；宾语和 Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education宾语补足语合在一起称为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足 语是逻辑上的主谓关系。) It’s important for us to learn English well. (it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 for us to learn English well。
“us”是“to learn English well”的逻辑主语，二 者 构 成 了 逻 辑 上 的 主 谓 关 系 。
for somebody to do something 是动词不定式的复合结构。) It’s very kind of you to help me.（of you to help me 也是 动 词 不 定 式 的 复 合 结 构 。
与 for somebody to do something 的区别参看 P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！ 未找到引用源。
，you 和 to help me 构成了逻辑上的主 谓关系。
） Tom’s coming late made our teacher angry.(Tom 迟到使 我们老师生气。coming 是动名词，Tom’s coming late 是动名词的复合结构。
Tom 是 coming late 的逻辑主语， 二者是逻辑上的主谓关系。) 8. 没有人称和数的变化 先看下列三组句中 have、do 和 be 的变化形式 I have a book He has a book.培育东方精英,打造优质教育！They have a book. I enjoy watching TV. You enjoy watching TV. We enjoy watching TV. He is sleeping. I am sleeping. They are sleeping. “人称的变化”是指：谓语动词用什么形式，受前 面主语是第几人称的影响。
主语同为单数 （表示一个 人） ， be 在第一人称 I 后用 am, 在 you 后用 are, 在 he 后用 is; do 和 have 在一、二人称后用原形，在第 三人称后用为 does, has。
“数”是指“单数和复数” 。
“数的变化”是指谓 语动词用什么形式， 还受前面主语是单数还是复数的 影响。如果主语是复数，be 要用 are 的形式，do 和 have 用原形。如果主语是第三人称单数，be 用 is, do 和 have 要用 does 和 has。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化。如： He / I / We can swim.② 句子成分英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾 语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定 状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同 位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划 分成分时， 划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和 宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
1. 划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 同位语 在下面画直线 在下面画曲线 在下面画双横线 在下面画虚线 （一行点使我们想到一 排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”） 下面为短横线 （短横线使我们想到短 木桩，木桩撞（状）钟） 上一短横， 下一短横 （下一短横好像是 为了弥补上面短横间的空隙） 上下双曲线， （虽都有曲折，上下位臵 基本相同 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。
① During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ② We often speak English in class. ③ One-third of the students in this class are girls. ④ To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ⑤ Smoking does harm to the health. ⑥ The rich should help the poor. ⑦ When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ⑧ It is necessary to master a foreign language. ⑨ That he isn’t at home is not true. 2. 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首， 通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 名词化的形容词（如 the rich）5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。 Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。
（多看下） That He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. Beyond the mountains lie a small village. Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. Play basketball is my favorite sport. Give up English is not an option. 3. 谓语 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有 的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 复合谓语： 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. 由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和 表语一起作谓语。如： We are students. Your idea sounds great. 4. 表语 表语多是形容词， 用以说明主语的身份、 特征和 状态，它一般位于系动词（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、 形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、 副词及表语从句表示。
画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。
a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) Our teacher of English is an American. Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one. His job is to teach English. His hobby（爱好）is playing football. The machine must be under repairs. The truth is that he has never been abroad. 5. 宾语培育东方精英,打造优质教育！宾语由名词性的词充当， 表示动作的对象或承受 者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语， 分别构成动宾结 构和介词结构。
画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。
They planted many trees yesterday. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. I wanted to buy a car. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think（that）he is fit for his office. 6. 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外， 还要有一个宾语补语， 才能使句子的意义完整。
宾语 补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
换句话说， 在 意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词 （如 make 等） +宾语+宾补。
宾补可由名词、 形容词、 副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
用下画线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么 词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。
His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room. We found everything in the lab in good order. We will soon make our city what your city is now. I want your homework done on time. 7. 主补 对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成 被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语 补足语。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 8. 定语（重点） 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、 短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通 Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education常位于被修饰的成分前。
在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词 后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能 读懂长句的主要原因。
a) 副词用作定语一般要后臵。
People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们) He didn’t like the man downstairs. （楼下的那个 人） b) 形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形 容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
The next man is a scientist. The man next to me is a scientist. （我旁边的那个人） c) 介词短语作定语时要后臵。
The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩） The tallest boy in our class is John. （我们班最高的 那个男孩） d) 现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式 作定语常后臵。培育东方精英,打造优质教育！? Most of the singers invited to the party were from America. ? Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the team. 用活形容词短语作后臵定语（P. 错误！未定义书签。
） 9. 状语 修饰动词、形容词、 副词或整个句子, 说明动作 或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。
He writes carefully. He walks slowly. (认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词，作状语) This material is environmentally friendly. （修饰形容词用副词，作状语） He runs very slowly. （修饰副词 slowly, 因此 very 是副词，作状语） Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修饰整个句子用副词，作状语） 几个并列状语的先后顺序：方式→地点→时间 一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活， 但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如： He worked hard at his lessons last year. I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning. He was walking slowly outside the park at that moment.I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话) The boy crying over there is my classmate. （在那边 哭的那个男孩） The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的 那座房子） 口头翻译下列句子，用下画线标出定语部分，留意定 语的位臵，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。
① The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu. ② The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother. ③ We need a place twice larger than this one. ④ She carried a basket full of eggs. ⑤ It’s a book worth no more than one dollar. ⑥ It’s a city far from the coast. ⑦ He has money enough to buy a car. ⑧ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. ⑨ There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city. ⑩ Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat. ? A boy calling himself John wanted to see you. ? He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home. ? There are many clothes to be washed.频度副词 often, always, usually, sometimes, never 等在 句中的位臵 位于情态动词、系动词、 助动词之后, 实义动词之前。
You can never tell what he will do. He is often late. He is always helping others. He often came late.状语按意义分类 在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表 语、补语都比较好辨认，如果这几个成分都不是， 那很可能就是状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可 以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条 件、方式和让步等。 Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。
I. How about meeting again at six? II. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. III. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. IV. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. V. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. VI. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. VII.To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. VIII. The boy needs a pen very much. IX. The boy really needs a pen. 10. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 11. She works very hard though she is old. 12. I am taller than he is. 13. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 14. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.培育东方精英,打造优质教育！15. Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen. 10. 同位语 同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词 对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后臵定语。如： We students should study hard. / (students 是 we 的同 位语，都是指同一批“学生” ） It’s good to us students. 选择正确答案，并口头说出句中那个是同位语。
The young man, ______,works in the office. A. me brother B. my brother C. my brothers D. me Our English teacher, ______, often helps us with study. A. Mrs. Wang B. Mrs. Wangs C. Mrs. Wang’s. D. of him ______, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train. A. Them B. He C. They D. Theirs③ 简单句的五种基本结构英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型 及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句 型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型结构如下： 这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词， 都不带宾 语，但可以带状语。如: It is raining now. (Ｓ Ｖ) We’ve worked for 5 hours. (Ｓ Ｖ) The meeting lasted half an hour. (Ｓ Ｖ) 主语 谓语 Time flies. (Ｓ Ｖ) 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基 本句型中的哪一种。
1. Dark clouds hung overhead. ( 用符号表示为： ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ Ｓ Ｓ Ｓ Ｓ Ｓ Ｖ Ｖ Ｖ Ｖ Ｖ （主＋谓） Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 谓语（predicate） 定语（attribute） 补语（complement） 3. He is smiling all over his face. ( 4. I did well in English. ( ) ) ) ) ) 2. Gradually a smile appeared on her face. (5. He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( 基本句型二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）主语（subject） 宾语（object） 状语 (adverbial) 表语（predicative）系动词主要是 be，但还有一些动词有些时候也 可作系动词，有人称之为半系动词。
如何辨别系动词 有些动词既可作连系动词，又可以作实义动 词。
如何来辨别呢？有一个最简便的方法，即用基本句型一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词， 句子仍然成立就 是连系动词；反之，不能替换的，就是行为动词。
如： ① She looks beautiful. (looks变为is之后，她是美丽 的，句意没有大的变化，looks是系动词。) Look at the picture.(look不能换为be, look为实义动 词。) ② He felt the book with his right hand.(feel是“摸”的意 思，不能换为was, 是实义动词。) The silk feels soft.(这种丝绸摸起来很柔软，feels 换为is之后，句意变化不大，因此是系动词。) 辨别下列斜体动词是系动词还是实义动词。
① The door stays open at night. ② He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious. ③ The book still lies open on the desk. ④ What he said proved true. ⑤ He can’t proved his theory(理论). 常见的系动词 状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有 keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。如： He kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时保持沉默。
This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
The food stays fresh in the fridge. 食物在冰箱里仍然很新鲜。
The house stood empty for years.房子空了数年。
He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上，醒着。
表“像”系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。如： Something seems wrong. 好像出差错了。
He appears young. 他看起来很年轻。
感官系动词 感官系动词主要有look “看起来” ， feel “摸起来” , smell “闻起来”, sound“听起来”, taste“尝起来” 。
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。
变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样。变化系动词主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。培育东方精英,打造优质教育！He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。
Eggs go bad easily in summer. 蛋夏天容易变坏。
His face went red.他的脸变红了。
What he had dreamt of came true. 他的梦想实现了。
Still waters run deep.静水流深。
终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证 实” ， “变成”之意。如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。
（turn out表终止性结果） What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong. 他预言的结果是错的。
用下画线画出下列句中的系动词。
1. His advice proved right. 2. The shop stays open till 8 o’clock. 3. The machine went wrong. 4. All these efforts seem in vain. 5. These words sound reasonable. 6. The room soon became crowded. 7. The days are getting longer and longer. 8. He fell ill yesterday. 9. Trees turn green in spring. 10. What you said sounds great. 系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语 He is a student. (Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ) Your idea sounds great. (Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ) 在一个英语单句中，一般情况要有谓语动词 要注意： 介词短语和形容词不能单独作谓语， 要 和系动词一起作谓语。
改错： ①Our school very beautiful and we like it very much. ②Your book on the desk. 答案及解析： Our school is very beautiful and we like it very much. (句中没有谓语动词) Your book is on the desk.（句中没有谓语动词） 基本句型三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构 成。如： She likes English. We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday. 用下画线画出下列句中的宾语。
练习1. People all over the world speak English. 练习2. Jim cannot dress himself. 练习3. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 练习4. He did not know what to say. 练习5. He just wanted to stay at home. 练习6. He practices speaking English every day. 基本句型四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾 ＋直宾） 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give“给” ， pass“递” ，bring“带” ，show“显示” 。这两个宾语 通常一个指人， 为间接宾语； 一个指物， 为直接宾语。
间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
如：He gave me a cup of tea. (Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ) 强调间接宾语顺序为： 动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 间接宾语。如： Show this house to Mr. Smith. 若直接宾语为人称代词：动词 + 代词直接宾语 + 介词 + 间接宾语。如： Bring it to me, please. (不能说 Bring me it, please.) 常跟双宾语的及物动词有： （需借助 to 的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write 等。
（需借助 for 的） buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare 等。
一般用 to 多些，用 for 的记住常用的三个就行：get, buy, make。
He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. = He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me. She bought John a book. = She bought a book for John. 分析下列句子成分，口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。
She ordered herself a new dress. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. He brought you a dictionary. He denies her nothing. I showed him my pictures. I gave my car a wash.培育东方精英,打造优质教育！I told him that the bus was late. He showed me how to run the machine. 基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型的句子特点是：动词虽然是及物动词， 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加 上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语做出说明的 成分。
(答疑 qq 329950885)宾语与其补足语有逻辑上 的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
The war made him a soldier.（ＳＶＯＣ“他成为一个 士兵” ，构成逻辑上的主谓关系） New methods make the job easy. （ＳＶＯＣ） I often find him at work. （ＳＶＯＣ） The teacher asked the students to close the windows. （ＳＶＯＣ） I saw a cat running across the road. 分析下列句子并划分成分，在后面的括号内标明是什 么充当句子的宾语补足语。
1. They appointed him manager. （ 2. They painted the door green. （ 3. He pushed the door open. （ 4. They found the house deserted. （ 5. What makes him think so? （ 6. We saw him out. （ ） 7. He asked me to come back soon. （ 8. I saw them getting on the bus. （ 9. We all think it a pity that she didn’t （ ） 10. I’ll have my bike repaired. （ 11. We elected him monitor. （ 12. Don’t keep the lights burning. （ there be 句型 此句型是由“there + be + 主语 + 状语”构成， 用以表达“存在有” 。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主 语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词（也有 看作形式主语的） ，并无实际意义。
be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致， 有时态和数的变 化。
现在时 过去时 将来时 完成时 可能有 there is / are … there was / were… there will be…/there is / are going to be... there has / have been… there might be... ） ） ） ） ） ） ） come here. ） ） ） Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education肯定有 there must be …/ there must have been... 过去曾经有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seem / seems / seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen / happens / happened to be … 可 用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive 等词代替 be 动词。
此时还表示存在有，但表意要更具体一些。如： There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There came a shout for “help”. There exists no air on the moon. There lies a book on the desk. There stands a tree on the hill. ______ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work. A. It existed B. There existed C. They had D. There had ______ a beautiful palace ______ the foot of the hill. A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at 答案：B, D there be 与 have 的区别培育东方精英,打造优质教育！there be … “某地有某物， 某时有某事” ； have 表 示“某人拥有某物” 。
改错： There has a book on the desk. There will have a meeting this evening. 答案：①把 has 改为 is; ②把 have 改为 be。
提示：没有 there have 这种表示“有”的方法。
双重谓语(仅供了解) 典型例句： He left this morning very gay. She left a shy girl and returned a young mother. 分析：双重谓语的基本形式是：行为动词+表语，后 面的名(答疑 qq 329950885)词或形容词说明主语 从事该行为时所处的状态。用作双重谓语的动词 多为那些表示位臵移动变化的行为动词。如： return，leave， go，come，arrive，start 等。
句①意为：上午离开时，他很开心。
句②意为：她离开时还是一个害羞的女孩，回来 时却是一位年轻的母亲。④ 简单句、并列句和复合句句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句 只有一个主语 ( 或并列主语 ) 和一个谓语 ( 或并列谓 语)。如： He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. （画线部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍为简单 句。） 并列句 由并列连词（and, but, or 等）或分号（;）把两 个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意 , 逗 号是不可以连接句子的，这一点和汉语不同。如： You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
表示连接两 个同等概念，常 用 and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then 等连接。
The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. He not only stole my money, but he also took my watch away. 表示选择，常用的连词有 or, either…or…, otherwise 等。
Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 表示转折，常用的连词有 but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。
He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 表示因果关系，常用的连词有 so, for, therefore 等。
August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 复合句 Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一 个主谓结构作另一个的成分。（而并列句的两个主 谓结构间是并列关系， 而不是从属关系。） 当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句 子就成为复合句了。
I. It is wrong. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。
） What he said is wrong. （what he said,是一个主谓结构，he 为主语，said 为谓语，what 是宾语。What he said is wrong. 是 另外一个主谓结构，What he said 作主语，是主语 从句；is wrong 系表结构作谓语。因此，本句是复 合句。
） II. The boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓 结构，是简单句。
） The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother. （The boy over there is my brother.只有一个主谓 结构， 是简单句。
当 over there 变为 who is wearing a hat 时（也是一个主谓结构） ，整个句子就变成了 复合句，who is wearing a hat 是定语从句。
） III. I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个 主谓结构，是简单句。
） I was doing my homework when he came in. （I was doing my homework 是一个主谓结构，he came in 也是一个主谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作 前一个的时间状语，是时间状语从句。因此本句 是复合句。
） 从上面这几个句子，我们可以看出： 一个句子如果含有从句，如名词性从句（主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状 语从句等，这个句子就是复合句。
复合句的从句和主句之间要用连接词连接。
在上面句 1 中，what 是连接词；在句 2 中，关系 代词 who 就是连接词；在句 3 中，when 起连接 作用。
判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。
We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.培育东方精英,打造优质教育！Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my Dad on the farm. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. 引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子 结构和句意来判别 说出下列复合句中，where 引导的是什么从句。
You can find it where you left it.（ Tell me the address where he lives.（ I don’t know where he comes from.（ Where he was born is not known yet.（ This place is where they once lived.（ ） ） ） ） ）一个句子有两个主谓结构时，要考虑它们之间的连接 问题 一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构， 那它就不是简 单句了，要么是并列句，(答疑 qq 329950885)要 么是复合句。
这时我们就要考虑连接词的问题。
直接 用逗号连接的两个简单句是错误的。
这时， 我们有四 种方法来改正这个错句： 改为并列句：我们可以使用 and, so, but 等并列连词来 把它们连接起来。
改为复合句：加上从属连词，把其中的一个分句改为 状语从句、定语从句或名词性从句。
改为简单句：把其中的一个主谓结构的谓语破坏掉， 从而使其变成独立主格结构。
改标点： 把逗号改为分号 （根据句意有时也可用冒号、 破折号等） 。
I like English, my English is very good. × I like English and my English is very good. √（并列句） As I like English, my English is very good. √（含有原 因状语从句的复合句） I like English; my English is good. √（用分号） I liking English, my English is very good. √ (把一个分 句改为独立主格结构) I have a house, its windows are very big. × I have a house and its windows are very big. √ (并列句) I have a house, whose windows are very big. √ (含有定 Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education语从句的复合句) I have a house; its windows are big. √ (用分号) I have a house, its windows very big. √ (后面为独立主 格结构)培育东方精英,打造优质教育！B. Looking D. LookA. To look C. Having looked利 用 英 语 句 子结 构 规 律 做 下列 各 题。【2015 徐汇区】Five people won the “China’s green figure” award, a title ______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. A. is given B. was given C. being given D. given All the preparations for the task ______, and we’re ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 【2006 杨浦区】I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ______ Chinese in the school, most ______ were from Germany. A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom 【2013 徐汇区】Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress, ______ with smiles. A. their faces are shining B. whose faces shining C. their faces shining D. faces shining whose 【2016 浦东】 Many students ______ around, I explained the story into details. A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing 【2013 闵行区】I have five friends, some of ______ are businessmen. A. that B. whom C. they D. them 【2014 普陀区】I have five friends, but none of ______ are business- men. A. that B. whom C. they D. them 【2013 上海】________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about. Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education答案：培育东方精英,打造优质教育！a)相关概念句子结构及成分指出下列句中画线动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填 vt.，不及物填 vi.。
1.vi. 2. vt. 3. vi. 4. vi. 5. vt. 6. vi. 7. vi. 8. vt.；vt. 9. vt. 10. vi. 指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。
1. 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. 助动词 助动词 助动词 助动词 助动词 助动词 实义动词 2. 助动词 实义动词 实义动词 4. 实义动词 实义动词 助动词 实义动词 助动词 实义动词 实义动词先找出句中的谓语，然后改正句中的错误，并说明原因。
is 是系动词，属于谓语部分；get up early 在句中作主语，要用成非谓语形式；作主语一般用动名词，因此把 get 变为动名词 getting。
want 在句中作谓语；go home 作宾语，而 want 后面常跟不定式作宾语，因此在 go 前面加 to。
is 是系动词，后面跟表语，把 play 变为 playing 构成动名词来作表语。
is 为谓语动词，sings in the tree 实际上是作 bird 的定语，bird 和 sing 构成主动关系，用现在分词作定语，因 此，把 sings 改为现在分词 singing。
likes 是谓语动词，“坐在那边”作后臵定语，“男孩”和“坐”构成主动关系，因此用现在分词作定语，把 sits 改 为 sitting。
谓语为 has been sold out；“去年建的”作“The house”的定语，两者构成被动关系，用过去分词作后臵定语，因 此，把 was 去掉。
are 是句中的谓语部分，“singing over there”作 the girls 的后臵定语，去掉 are。
wanted 是谓语；work hard 作 wanted 的宾语补足语，want 后面通常跟不定式作宾补，因此在 work 前面加 to。
remember 是谓语；remember 用在“记得以前曾经发生的事”时，后面通常跟动名词作宾语，因此，把 saw 改 为 seeing。
10. saw 是谓语，(答疑 qq 329950885) “走进那座建筑”是作 saw 的宾语补足语；看到某人做了某事，常用 see somebody do something, 因此，把 walked 改为 walk。
判断下列句中画线部分是否是宾语补足语。
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T句子成分 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） That he isn’t at home is not true. (主语从句， that 不能省略) 改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。
在句首加 that；因为引导主语从句的 that 不能省略。(他考试不及格是他辍学的原因。) 把句首的 that 去掉，因为 why 除去作主句的成分之外，还起着连接作用。
把 lie 改为 lies； 介词短语不能作主语，主语是后面的 a small village。
把 is 改为 are；句子的主语是 the days。
Play 改为 Playing；在这里指经常打篮球，要用动名词作主语。
Give 改为 To give；在做决定时，放弃英语不是一个选择。give up 指具体的某一次。
画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词/形容词，这样的分词已形容词化了） Three times seven is twenty one.（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be under repairs.（介词短语） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（从句） 画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。
They planed many trees yesterday.（名词） (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） I wanted to buy a car.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 用下画线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当。
His father named him Dongming.（名词） They painted their boat white.（形容词） Let the fresh air in.（副词） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） Shanghai Oriental High Quality EducationWe will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） I want your homework done on time.(过去分词短语)培育东方精英,打造优质教育！口头翻译下列句子，用下画线标出定语部分，留意定语的位臵，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。
The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu. 桌子上的那封信是给吴先生的。
（介词短语作后臵定语） The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother . 怀里抱婴儿的那个妇女是他的母亲。
（with 的复合结构作后臵定语） We need a place twice larger than this one. 我们需要一个比这个地方大两倍的地方。
（形容词短语作后臵定语） She carried a basket full of eggs. 她提着一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。
（形容词短语作后臵定语） It’s a book worth no more than one dollar. 那是一本仅值一美元的书。
（形容词短语作后臵定语） It’s a city far from the coast. 它是一座距海岸线很远的城市。
（形容词短语作后臵定语） He has money enough to buy a car. 他有足够能买一辆车的钱。
（形容词短语作后臵定语） The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 楼下的那个人正在尽力睡觉。
（副词作后臵定语） There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city. 在我们城市有许多需要维修的名胜。
（现在分词短语作后臵定语） Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat. 属于食肉动物的老虎以肉为食。
（现在分词短语作后臵定语） A boy calling himself John wanted to see you. 一个自称为 John 的男孩想见你。
（现在分词短语作后臵定语） He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home. 在回家的路上，他捡起一个躺在路上的钱包。（现在分词短语作后臵定语） There are many clothes to be washed. 有许多(答疑 qq 329950885)要洗的衣服。意译为：有许多衣服要洗。
（动词不定式短语作后臵定语） Most of the singers invited to the party were from America. 大多数被邀请参加派对的歌手都来自美国。
（过去分词短语作后臵定语） Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the team. 接着，他要列队游行经过宫殿的那一天到了。（定语从句修饰 the great day） 指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。
1. 时间状语 4. 方式状语 7. 目的状语 2. 地点状语 3. 原因状语 5. 伴随状语 6. 目的状语 8. 程度状语 9. 程度状语10. 结果状语 11. 让步状语 12. 比较状语 13. 条件状语 14. 时间状语；地点状语 15. 原因状语 选择正确答案，并说出句中那个是同位语。
1. B 2. A 3. C 简单句的五种基本结构 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
Dark clouds hung overhead.(SV) Gradually a smile appeared on her face. (SV) He is smiling all over his face. (SV) I did well in English. (SV) He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. (SV) 辨别下列斜体动词是系动词还是实义动词。
1.系动词 2. 实义动词；连系动词 3.连系动词 用下画线画出下列句中的系动词。
His advice proved right. The shop stays open till 8 o’clock. The machine went wrong. All these efforts seem in vain. These words sound reasonable. The room soon became crowded. The days are getting longer and longer. He fell ill yesterday. Trees turn green in spring. What you said sounds great. 用下画线画出下列句中的宾语。
People all over the world speak English. Jim cannot dress himself. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. He did not know what to say. He just wanted to stay at home. He practices speaking English every day. 分析下列句子成分，口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。
1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. He denies her nothing. 5. I showed him my pictures. 6. I gave my car a wash. 7. I told him that the bus was late. 8. He showed me how to run the machine. 分析下列句子并划分成分，在后面的括号内标明是什么充当句子的宾语补足语。
1. They appointed him manager. （名词） 2. They painted the door green. （形容词） 3. He pushed the door open. （形容词） 4. 连系动词 5.实义动词 Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education4. They found the house deserted. （形容词） 5. What makes him think so? （省略 to 的不定式） 6. We saw him out. （副词） 7. He asked me to come back soon. （动词不定式） 8. I saw them getting on the bus. （现在分词 ） 9. We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.（名词） 10. I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词 ） 11. We elected him monitor. （名词 ） 12. Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） 简单句、并列句和复合句 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。培育东方精英,打造优质教育！简单句。
复合句, The boy is called Tom 是一个主谓结构，who offered me his seat 也是一个主谓结构，为定语从句， 作前一个主谓结构中主语 the boy 的定语。
简单句，反义疑问句。
简单句，my brother and I 是并列主语，后面 go to school 和 come back 为并列谓语，因此也只有一个主谓 结构。
并列句。
含有时间状语从句的复合句。
并列句。
复合句，what he said 也是一个主谓结构，名词性从句作主语。
简单句，只有一个主谓结构。
简单句，前面为并列主语。
and 连接的并列句。
由 so 连接的并列句。
简单句。
but 连接前后为并列句，但后(答疑 qq 329950885)面又是一个含有定语从句的复合句。
含有让步状语从句的复合句。
说出下列复合句中，where 引导的是什么从句。
地点状语从句 定语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句 利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题。
1. D 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. D