【城市演进中英文】城市英文

L7 Be held the columned peristyle and the sculptured pediment of the new Pathenon

（当人们举目向雅典卫城望去），看到新落成的巴特农神庙那周围列柱的中厅和以雕刻装饰的山形墙时

L158 The Hellenophiles endowed the physical town with a marmoreal chastity ,a purity and a rationality. 偏爱希腊的人们赋予物质的城镇以大理石般的纯洁、高雅和理性

L159 No pallid esthetes, no mousy bureaucrats ,produced these violent visual contrasts ,or these high intensities of color that survive today only in rock and sky and sea.

任何苍白无力的唯美主义者，任何胆小如鼠的官僚绅士，都不能创造出如此强烈鲜明对比，也不能创造出如今只存在于山岩、天空和大海中那种高强度色彩。

L17 AS it collapsed in the city as one descended from the Acropolis to the marketplace ,or picked one ’s way,more by instinct than by any visible guides ,through the tangle of walled alleys and blind streets that took one to one’s destination.

正如人们从雅典卫城走下来，到街头闹市时，美感兴奋会在城市环境中崩溃一样，也像人们不顾任何明确的目标随心所欲游荡在街巷中，任这些大街小巷把自己引到什么目的地去。 P159L28 There Is no better place to confront the paradoxical relation between the mind and the body through which it expresses itself, the social body that becomes a humanized landscape or a city ,than in the Greek polis, above all in Athens.

没有任何一个地方能像希腊城邦，首先像雅典勇敢正视人类精神和社会机体二者之间复杂关系了，人类精神通过社会机体得以充分表现，社会机体变成了一片人性化了的景色。 P160 L30 The mighty rock that raised these buildings to the sky ,a rock whose blue and pink tints contrast with the marble above ,and whose craggy outlines ,even when capped by a sheer wall, contrast with the sublime geometry of the temples.

这些巨大的山岩支撑了这些建筑使之耸入云霄，这些青色和锗石色的山岩同其上方的大理石建筑形成鲜明对照，这些山岩参差不平的轮廓线，即使其顶部筑有陡峭的高墙，也同神

庙建筑物壮丽的几何形体形成对照。

P161 L36 Its rocky sides were apt for defense rather than for building ;so the task of the architect was not to weaken its contours or to facilitate movement ,but to exploit the chance advantages of ledges and platforms,arranging buildings and monuments with no effort to achieve visual coherence or a climactic sequence except in the siting of the most important temple at the top. 它周围的岩石坡面很适于战争防卫而不适于建筑，因而建筑师的任务并不应去削弱它的外形轮廓，或者表现动感，而在于利用山岩上突出的部分或平坦的地方这类天然条件来安排建筑物和纪念物，并不刻意追求视觉的整体感或高潮序列的要求。

No axis,no continuity ,no visual progression :no attempt at symmetry ,either ,except in the individual building ,open to view and finished on all four sides ,changing in form with the changing angle of approach.

没有总的建筑中轴线，没有连续感，没有视觉的渐进，也不追求对称形式，建筑物完全暴露在视野之内，四面都多经修饰，形式随走近时视角变化而变化。

P162 there was even a sophisticated exploitation of the visual possibilities of a devious,irregular approach. 巧妙利用了那种弯弯曲曲不规则通道的视觉效果。

1. The Roman Empire ,the product of a single expanding urban power center ,was itself a vast city-building enterprise.

罗马帝国是单纯扩张城市权利中心 的产物，它本身就是一个非常广大的城市建设企业。

2. The foundation stones of the Roman town were quarried mainly from two other cultures ,the Etruscan and the Hellenic.

罗马城镇所使用的文化基石主要采自两种其它文化，即古伊特鲁里亚文化及古希腊文化。

3. The city, partly for religious ,partly for utilitarian reasons ,took the form of a rectangle . 部分缘于宗教，部分缘于功利主义，采用矩形形式

4. The typical mark that distinguished Rome from Hellenistic cities of the same general character was the layout of its two principal streets ,the cardo ,running north and south ,and the decumannus ,running east and west. This axial type of town ,with its two main streets crossing at right angles near the center. is an old form.

与具有相同特色的希腊化城市的典型区别在于它那两条主要街道的布局方式，一条是南北走向，另一条是东西走向，这种以两条大街呈直角在市中心附近相交叉的轴式城镇，是一种很古老的形式。

5. From the Hellenistic town the Roman received a pattern of esthetic order that rested on a practical base: the formally enclosed agora, with its continuous structures, the poad unpoken street lined with buildings, and the theater.

从希腊化城镇中学到了基于实践基础的美学形式：形式上封闭的广场，广场四周连续的建筑，宽敞的通衢大街，两侧成排的建筑物，还有剧场。

6. There is indeed a sound reason for thinking of medieval plans as usually more informal than regular .This was because rugged rocky sites were more frequently utilized ,for they had decisive advantages for defense until effective cannon fire became possible in the sixteenth century.Since streets were not adapted to wheeled traffic and neither water pipes nor sewage drains needed to be provided for ,it was more economical to follow nature’s contours than to attempt to grade them down: note the tilt of the poad market place in Siena .By building on barren hilly sites, moreover ,the thrifty citizens did not encroach on the richer ag ricultural bottom land.

有充分理由认为，中世纪的规划不是整齐端正，而常常是不规则的，这是因为一些多岩石的、崎岖不平的地区，常被利用，因为在16世纪以前没有炮火的年代里，这种地区在防御上占有绝对优势。由于街道规划不需要考虑车辆交通，也不需要提供上、下水道，所以按照自然地形建设要比平整这个地区后建设更经济而方便。请看一看意大利锡耶纳倾斜的

广阔的市场场址，而且，利用荒秃秃的山旁地带进行建设，可不占用富饶的可利用河水灌溉的农田。

7. The other source of the organic curves in the medieval town was the emphasis on its central core. Lavedan goes so far as to say that “the essential fact of medieval urbanism is the constitution of the city in such a fashion that all the li nes converge toward a center, and that the contour is usually circular :this is what contemporary theorists call the radio-concentric system.

中世纪城镇上街道多呈曲线的另一原因是由于强调市中心的核心作用，拉维丹甚至说，“中世纪城市规划的要点是把城市结构表现为各条道路都集中到市中心，平面的轮廓线常常是圆形，就是现代理论家们称之为放射同心圆系统的形状。