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【小学牛津英语名词讲解及练习】

发布时间:2019-08-04 09:34:18 影响了:

【名词】

一. 专有名词和普通名词。

名词根据其意义可以分为专有名词和普通名词。

专有名词:表示特定的人或事物名称的词,专有名词词首的字母要大写。 如:中国:China;

节日:Children‵s Day 儿童节

普通名词:凡不属于特定的人或事物名称的词叫普通名词。

二.可数名词和不可数名词。

名词根据是否能够用数字来计算,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 (一) 可数名词

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数名词一般情况下要与表示量的单词a(an)连用,复数名词的复数形式变化有规则变化和不规则变化之分。

名词复数形式的规则变化表

不可数名词指不可以用数字一个一个数出来的名词,它没有单复数之分,但可以借助a

cup of;three pieces of等名词性短语来表示不可数名词的量。

回忆我们以前学习的不可数名词有:

①液体类:orange 橙汁; juice 果汁; soup 汤; water 水;

coffee 咖啡; tea 茶; milk 牛奶;

②肉类: meat 肉; beef 牛肉; fish 鱼,鱼肉; pork 猪肉; chicken

鸡肉 ;

③数不尽:rice米; hair 头发;

④连成一片:pead 面包; paper 纸; glass 玻璃; ice冰; ⑤唯一的:world 世界; moon 月亮; nature 自然

⑥其他的:fruit 水果 ; money钱; homework作业; housework家务;

三 名词的-‵s格和of格

名词的所有格是指名词中表示所有关系的形式,它是名词中除单复数之外的重点考查内容。

在表示人或物品的所属关系时,就需要用到名词的所有格,所有格通常有两种形式:-‘s格和of格。 (一)-‘s格

有生命的名词它的所有格一般用-‘s格来表示,名词的-’s格形式有一定的规则:

无生命的名词它的所有格一般用of组成的短语来表示,如:the lipary of our school (我们学校的图书馆),the first lesson of this term (这学期的第一课)。

【巩固练习】

1.用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空

⑴ How many ________________ (knife) did you buy yesterday?

⑵ There are a lot of children in the park on ___________________ (child) Day ⑶ There are two _______________ ( pencil-box) on the desk. ⑷ –Are you _______________ (teacher)? –Yes, we are. ⑸ She wishes to make _________________ (friend) with us. ⑹ What colour are the _______________________ (flag). ⑺ I can see many ___________________ (sheep).

⑻ They aren‵t from the same ________________ (family).

2.写出下列单词中的不可数名词。

pear tea pother garden map sofa cooker knife

water peach cup book student coffee car flower

不可数名词:

______________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3.从下面选项中选出最恰当的一项,将序号填在横线上。

⑴ They don‵t have hamburgers or _______________ chips.

A. potato B. potatoes C. a potato D. potatos

⑵ –Is it the twins‵ bedroom? –Yes, it is. It‵s _________________ bedroom. A. her B. Lucy and Lily C. Lucy and Lily‵s D. Lucy‵s and Lily‵s

⑶ The farmer raised twenty ___________________.

A. sheeps B. horse C. deers D. sheep ⑷ The little girl has __________ on her nose.

A. a glass B. a glasses C. a pair of glasses D. a pair of glass. ⑸ There are some _____________ in this __________________. A. knifes, pencil-boxes B. knives, pencil-box

C. knives, pencil-boxes D. knifes , pencil-box ⑹ I‵ll tell you ___________________.

A. a good news B. good a news

C. a piece of good news D. some piece of good news ⑺ -____________jacket is it? -Maybe it is_______________.

A. Who‵s ,Tom‵s B. What, Tom‵s C. Whose, Tom‵s D. Whose, Toms‵

⑻ ________________is too much for the girl to carry. A. The bag weight B. The bag of weight

C. The weight of the bag D. The bags‵ weight ⑼ September 10th is ________________.

A. Teacher‵s Day B. Teachers‵ Day

C. Teachers Day D. the teacher‵s Day ⑽ He has two big ___________.

A. eyes B. hairs C. noses D. mouths ⑾ I want _______________, please.

A. a glass water B. a water C. two glass of water D. a glass of water 4.将四个选项中错误一项的序号写在题前括号内,并在后面的横线上改正。 ( )① I‵d like a coffee, please.________________________. A B C D

( ) ② Please pass me a paper.________________________. A B C D

( )③We are in class Two, Grade Six.________________________. A B C D

( ) ④There are four season in a year.______________________.

5.将下列名词变成复数形式。

1.plane tree lesson month apple shirt 2. box bus push watch class fox

3.knife life leaf Wife thief

4.day boy monkey baby country story 5.photo radio piano tomato hero

6. child tooth man Sheep English Chinese 6.判断正误,并改正错句,正确的打“ √ ”

1.The house is my pother. ________________________ 2. He has visited many country. ______________________ 3. They are Englishs. ______________________________ 4. This is Tom red bike. ____________________________ 三、选择填空

1.There are two ______ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman 2.The old man will have ___________ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth 3. ____________ are sold in this bookstore. A. Children’s books B. Children books 4. Some friends of _________ will come here. A. John’s B. John 5. Can you give me ______________?

A. some papers B. a piece of paper 6.There are ______________ on the floor. A. some box B. some boxes 四、将下列句子变成复数形式。 1.This sheep is white.

___________________________________________________

2. There is a desk and a chair in the room.

___________________________________________________

3.That man is a doctor.

___________________________________________________

【阅读练习】

Mr. White lives in a tall building. He lives on the sixteenth floor. Every day, he takes a lift (电梯)up and down.

One Saturday afternoon, he went shopping with his little son and bought many things. They drove back and carried all the things up to the lift. Suddenly they saw a piece of paper on the wall. It said,“Dear sirs, there’s something wrong with the lift. Please use the stairs now.”The son took a bag and ran upstairs quickly. But Mr. White walked and walked.

At last they stood in front of their door feeling very tired. Mr. White began to look for the keys, but he could not find them. Suddenly he shouted in a loud voice,“Oh, no! I’ve left my keys in the car.” 根据短文内容选择正确答案。

( ) 1. Mr. White lives on the floor.

A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th ( ) 2. Does he take a lift every day? .

A. Yes, he does. B. No, he doesn’t. C. I don’t know. A. Yes, they did. B. No, they didn’t. C. Yes, they were. ( ) 4. Why didn’t they use the lift? Because

.

A. they wanted to exercise their body. B. they like walking upstairs. C. there’s something wrong with the lift. ( ) 5. Where were the keys ?

A. At home. B. In the car. C. In his bag.

【音标学习】

音标[ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]学习 一、学习[ɔ:]

[ɔ:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a aw al or oor a: water aw: draw straw al: ball wall

or: horse corn fork or short oor: floor door 二、学习[ɔ]

• [ɔ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o a • o: fox coffee dog shop doctor • a: watch 三、学习[u:]

[u:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo ui • • • •

o: do who whose oo: food moon too ui: fruit juice u: ruler

四、学习[u]

• • • •

[u]发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo u o: woman wolf

oo: look good book foot wood u: bull bullet

音标[ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]练习

一.抄写音标,一个抄写10遍,一边抄写一边读。 [u]:

[u:]: [ɔ]:

[ɔ:]: 二.找出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) ①moon

food eat fruit

( ) ②true ( ) ③four ( ) ④got ( ) ⑤bus ( ) ⑥lost

book small clock foot ball

wood walk shop push long

look

bird

shirt

book

ox

( ) ⑦ruler dog mooncake blue ( ) ⑧big ship horse 【单词】

always /"ɔ: lweɪz/ 总是 question /"kwest⎰ən/ 问题 ask /ɑ:sk/ 问

mean /mi:n/ 意思是,意指 must /mΛst/ 必须;应当 should /⎰ʊd/ 应当,应该 take a walk /teɪk ə wɔ:k/ 散步 pick /pɪk/ 拾

public /"pΛblɪk/ 公共的;公众的 sign /saɪn/ 标注;告示牌

cousin /"kΛzn/ 堂(表)兄弟;堂(表)姐妹 danger /"deɪndʒə/ 危险 away / ə"weɪ/ (离)开 grass /grɑ:s/ 草;草地

keep off /ki:p ɒf/(使)让开;(使)不接近 shouldn’t /⎰ʊdnt/ bird /bɜ:d/ 鸟 cage /keɪdʒ/ 笼子 quiet / "kwaɪət/ 安静的

make noise /meɪk nɔɪz/ 发出(喧闹)声音 smoke /sməʊk/ 吸烟 litter /"lɪtə/ 乱丢杂物

it

park /pɑ:k/ 停放(车辆等) suddenly /"sΛdənlɪ/ 突然(地) something /"sΛmθɪŋ/ 某事;某物 note /nǝʊt/ 钞票;纸币

look around /lʊk ə"raʊnd/ 环顾;往四下看 nearby /,nɪǝ"baɪ/ 附件(的) quickly /"kwɪklɪ/ 快地 pick up /pɪk Λp/ 拾起;捡起 keeper /"ki:pə/ 看守人 come up /kΛm Λp/ 上来 point /pɔɪnt/ 指 fine /faɪn/ 罚款

birthday /"bɜ: θdeɪ ; bɜ: θdɪ/ 生日 date /deɪt/日期

when /wen/ 什么时候;何时 second /"sekənd/ 第二(的) March /mɑ: t⎰/ 三月 third /θɜ:d/ 第三(的) April /"eɪprəl/ 四月 fourth /fɔ: θ/ 第四(的) May /meɪ/ 五月 June /dʒu:n/ 六月 October /ɒk" təʊbə/ 十月 when’s /wenz/ August /"ɔ:gəst/ 八月 as / æz / 作为;当做 present /"prezənt/ 礼物;赠品 VCD /vi:si:di:/ 影视光碟 Aladdin /ə"lædɪn/ 阿拉丁

Let’s wait /weɪt/ and see 让我们等着瞧。 January /"dʒænjʊərɪ/ 一月

Fepuary /"fepʊərɪ/二月 fifth /fɪfθ/ 第五(的) sixth /sɪksθ/ 第六(的) July /dʒʊ"laɪ/ 七月

twelfth /twelfθ/ 第十二(的) twentieth /"twentɪɪθ/ 第二十(的) September /sep"tembə/ 九月

twenty-first /,twentɪ "fɜ:st/ 第二十一(的) November /nəʊ"vembə/ 十一月 December /dɪ"sembə/ 十二月 doorbell /"dɔ:bel/ 门铃 take off /teɪk ɒf/ 脱下 costume /"kɒstju:m/ 戏装 Happy birthday to you! blow/bləʊ/ out /aʊt/ 吹灭 candle /"kændl/ 蜡烛

was /wəz wɒz/ (am,is的过去式) excited /ɪk"saɪtɪd/ 激动的;兴奋的 moment /"məʊmənt/ 片刻;瞬间 ago /ə"gəʊ/ 以前

were /wɜ: ; wə/ (are的过去式) just /dʒʌst/ now/naʊ/ 刚才

mobile phone/,məʊbaɪl"fəʊn/手机,手提电话 glasses /glɑ:sɪz/ 眼镜

sports day /spɔ:ts deɪ / 体育运动日 running race /"r nɪŋ reɪs/ 赛跑 camera /"kæmərə/ 照相机

exciting /ɪk"saɪtɪŋ/ 令人激动的;令人兴奋的 film /fɪlm/ 胶卷 ground /graʊnd 地面/ earphone /"ɪəfəʊn/ 耳机

diary /"daɪərɪ/ 日记;日记簿

CD Walkman /"wɔ:kmən/ 光盘随身听 roll /rəʊl/ 卷;卷状物

remember /rɪ"membə/ 记住;记得 weren’t /wɜ:nt/

Holiday /"hɒlədeɪ; "hɒlədɪ / 假日;假期 last /lɑ:st/ 最后的;最近刚过去的 early / ɜ:lɪ/ 早的;早地 meet /mi:t/ 遇见;见到;相遇 before /bɪ"fɔ:(r)/ 在„„以前 did /dɪd/ (do 的过去式) pull/pʊl/ up 拉出;把„„向上拔 taste /teɪst/ 品尝 farm /fɑ:m/ 农场

National /"næ∫nəl/ Day 国庆日 carrot /"kærət/ 胡萝卜 milk /mɪlk/ 挤奶 cow /kaʊ/ 奶牛;母牛 fun /fʌn/ 有趣的事;娱乐

wonderful /"wʌndəfl/ 精彩的;太好了 zoo /zu:/ 动物园 camp /kæmp/ 野营;营地

volleyball /"vɒlɪbɔ:l/ 排球;排球运动 mountain /"maʊntən/ 山;山脉;山区

Christmas /"krɪsməs/圣诞节 New Year’s Day元旦 people /"pi:pl/ 人们

had /hæd/ (have,has的过去式) went /went/ (go的过去式) Children’s /"t∫ɪldrənz/ Day 儿童节

also /"ɔ:lsəʊ/ 也;还 festival /"festɪvl/节日 Spring /sprɪŋ /Festival春节 didn’t /dɪdnt/

relative /"relətɪv/ 亲戚;亲属 delicious /dɪ"lɪ∫əs/ 美味的,可口的 favourite /"feɪvərɪt/ 特别喜爱的 dress /dres/ up 装扮

Mid-Autumn/,mɪd"ɔ:təm/Festival Moon cake /mu:n keɪk/ 月饼 Easter /"i:stə(r)/ 复活节

May Day /meɪ deɪ/ 五一国际劳动节

Dragon /"drægən/ Boat/bəʊt/ Festival端午节 popular /"pɒpjələ(r)/ 多数人喜爱的;流行的 beach /bi:t∫/海滩 race /reɪs/赛跑;竞赛

dumpling/"dʌmplɪŋ/粽子;团子;饺子

yours /jɔ:z/ 你的(东西);你们的(东西) mine /maɪn/ 我的(东西) hers /hɜ:z/ 她的(东西) ours /"aʊəz/ 我们的(东西) in front /frʌnt/ of 在„„前面 beside /bɪ"saɪd/ 在„„旁边;靠近 answer /"ɑ:nsə(r)/ 回答,答复

theirs /ðeəz/他(她,它)们的(东西) Christmas Day圣诞日,圣诞节 his /hɪz/ 他的(东西) wallet /"wɒlɪt/ 钱包,皮夹子

You’re welcome./"welkəm/ 别客气。不用谢。 teapot /"ti:pɒt/ 茶壶

calculator /"kælkjʊleɪtə(r)/ 计算器

skateboard /"skeɪtbɔ:d/ 滑板 hairdryer /"heədraɪə(r)/ 吹风机 comb /kəʊm/ 梳子 mirror /"mɪrə(r)/ 镜子 sunny /"sʌnɪ/晴朗的 sat /sæt/(sit的过去式) back /bæk/ 后部;背后

at the back of 在„„后部;在„„后面 get off下车

got /gɒt/ (get的过去式) saw /sɔ:/ (see的过去式) seat /si:t/ 座位

nobody /"nəʊbədɪ/ 没有人 ask /ɑ:sk/请求,要求

police station /pə"li:s steɪ∫n/警察局;派出所

参考答案: 巩固练习:

1.⑴ knives ⑵ Children‵s ⑶ pencil-boxes ⑷ teachers flags

⑺ sheep ⑻ family

2.tea ink wind water snow music coffee 3. A C D C B C C C B A D

4. ①C a cup of/some ②C a piece of ③ B Class 阅读理解: (一)CAACB

⑸ friends ⑹ ④ D seasons

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