[现在完成时用法]现在完成时的幽默导入
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的用法：
现在完成时表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影
响。这一类情况可以分为下面两种情况：
1. 表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结
果，常和recently, just, now, already, yet, not…yet等连用。如：
Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。 (说明现在
灯关上了)
I"ve finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。(说明可以
交作业或做别的了)
2. 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下
去。常与for+时间段或者since+时间点连用，表示持续的动作或状
态，多为延续性动词。非延续性动词不能和for 或since 连用。
如：
正：I‘ve been away from this school for eight years.
误：I"ve left this school for eight years.
We have lived here since 2000.
We have lived here since 2000.
They have waited for more than two hours.
二、基本结构：
have/has+done
肯定句：主语+have/has+done+其他
否定句：主语+have/has+not+done+其他
疑问句应将have/has放在句子主语之前。被动形式为：has/have been
done 。
如：
I have read the book.
I have not seen him before.
Have you ever been to New York?
三、几个副词的区别
1). already, still与yet
already 用于肯定句，表示" 已经" ；still 表示某事仍在进行，主要用
于肯定句；yet 用于否定句句末，表示" 还" ，用于疑问句句末，表示
" 已经" 。
He had already left when I called. 当我给他打电话时，他已经离开
了。
Have you found your ruler yet? 你已经找到你的尺子了吗？
I haven"t finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成作业。
It"s seven o"clock, but they are still having a meeting. 现在已经七点了，
但他们仍在开会。
注意：already 还可以表示惊奇，惊讶等语气，常用于疑问句句末。
Has your son gone to school already? 你的儿子已经上学了吗？(表示
很惊讶)
2). 副词ever 和never 多用于否定或疑问句中，表示" 曾经" 和" 从未"
等。 如：
---Have you ever seen this movie? 你曾经看过这部电影吗？
---I have never seen it. 我从未看过。
3). for与since
since 后接时间点，for 后接一段时间。如：
I"ve studied English for two years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1990.
四、延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法
延续性动词是指该动词所表示的动作可以延续一段时间，如：live,
work, study, teach, stay等。非延续性动词是指该动词所表示的动作
不能延续，是在短时间里完成的，如：borrow, come, arrive, get, leave,
die 等。
1、用于完成时的区别
延续性动词表示经验、经历；非延续性动词表示行为的结果，不能
与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。（表示结果）
I"ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表示经历）
2、非延续性动词变为延续性动词的方法
非延续性动词 延续性动词
come/go be at/in
arrive/reach be
begin/start be on
borrow keep
buy have
close be closed
die be dead
get up be up
join be in
leave be away
open be open
put on wear
catch a cold have a cold
fall asleep be asleep
五、have/has been to，have/has gone to和have/has been in的区别
have been to 表示" 去过" 某地，常与 ever, never, …before, once, twice
等连用；have gone to 表示" 去了" 某地，人可能在途中或已经到达那
里。have been in表示" 已在某地（呆了多久）" 。如：
1) ---Have you ever been to Beijing? 你去过北京吗？
---Yes, I"ve been there twice. 是的，我去过那里两次。
2) My parents have gone to the park. 我父母去公园了。
3) They have been in China for two years. 他们已经在中国呆了两年
了。
练习：
一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
1. He always _______ to work by bike when he was in Shanghai. (go)
2. He ____________(work) in our school for five year.
3. There _______ no hospitals here ten years ago. (be)
4. Have you _____(make)friends with your new classmates yet?
5. Zhao Lan ______ already __________(study) in this school for two
years.
6. My parents ________________(be) Shandong for ten years.
7. We ____________ (know) Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
8. —________ you ______ (do) your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _________(finish) it a moment ago .
9. Miss Green isn"t in the office . she___________ (go)to the lipary .
10. ---Jack, let’s go to see the movie.
---Oh, I____________(see) it many times. So, I don’t want to see
it.
11. ________the baby________(have) a good sleep yet?
12. They _______(clime) the Great Wall last year.
13. She _________(not go) to Beijing in 2008.
14．David __________ (go)the park just now.
5．The Smiths ______________ (go)Beijing for years.
7．I ____________ this city since three years ago.
二、翻译下列句子：
1．他已经来中国三年多了。
2．我从来没去过长城。
3．你曾经出过国吗？
4．他已经去图书馆了。
5．他来这儿五年了。