教育技术专业英语原文_教育技术学专业英语

Section B

Many current instructional models suggest that the most effective learning environments are those that are problem-based and involve the students in four distinct phases of learning. 许多当前的教学模型表明, 最有效的学习环境, 具体问题具体分析并涉及学习的学生在四个不同的阶段. Current 当前的

n. （水，气，电）流；趋势；涌流

adj. 现在的；流通的，通用的；最近的；草写的

Models 模型

activation of prior experience 激活的经验

demonstration of skills 示范的技能 integration of these skills into real-world activities. 这些技能融入现实世界的活动。

much instructional practice concentrates primarily on phase 2 and ignores the other phases in this cycle of learning. 很多教学实践主要集中在第二阶段, 而忽略了其他阶段在这个学习的周期。

Ignores 忽略了 vt .忽视，不理睬

Cycle n. 周期 vi. 循环 vt.使循环

at the top level，the instructional design prescriptions based on first principles are as follows：在顶层, 基于第

一原理的教学设计处方如下：

1，learning is facilitated when learners are engaged in solving real-world problems. 学习是促进学习者从事解决现实世界的问题。

Facilitated v. 促进；帮助（facilitate 的过去分词）；使有利发展

engaged in 从事于，忙于

2，learning is facilitated when existing knowledge is activated as a foundation for new knowledge. 学习现有知识被激活时促进新知识的基础。

Activate vi.激活

Foundation n.基础，基金会。

3，learning is facilitated when new knowledge is demonstrated to the learner.

4，learning is facilitated when new knowledge is applied by the learner. Applied v. 应用；实施（apply 的过去分词）；敷上 adj. 应用的；实用的

5, learning is facilitated when new knowledge is

integrated into the learner"s world. 学习是促进新知识时集成到学习者的世界。

integrated into 集成到。

Section C

there are several characteristics that should be present in all instructional design efforts:

有几个特征, 应该出现在所有教学设计工作:

1, instructional design is learner-centered教学设计是为中心

Learner-centered instruction means that the learner and his or her performance are the focal point of all

instruction. 有效教学意味着学习者和他(她) 的性能是所有指令的焦点。Teaching and other forms of instruction are simply means to the end of learner performance. 教学和其他形式的指令仅仅意味着学习者的表现。Thus, there may be no initial assumption that a live teacher is even needed for the learner to achieve the stated objectives. 因此, 可能没有初始假设一个生活老师甚至需要学习者实现所规定的目标。

2，instructional design is good-oriented教学设计是公益相关的

Establishing well-defined project goals is central to the ID process. 建立明确的项目目标是ID 的核心过程。Goals

should reflect client expectations for the project and, if met, ensure its appropriate implementation. 项目目标应该反映客户期望, 如果满足, 确保其适当的实现。

well-defined adj. 定义良好的，定义明确的

3，instructional design focuses on real-world performance 教学设计关注现实的表现

Rather than requiring learners to simply recall information or apply some rules in a contrived task, instructional design focuses on preparing learners to perform the behaviors that will be expected of them in the real world. 而不是要求学习者简单回忆信息或应用一些规则的任务, 教学设计关注准备学习者执行行为, 他们将会在现实世界中。learner objectives are stated so as to reflect the environment in which students will be expected to apply the acquired knowledge or skill. 学习者目标陈述, 以反映学生的环境将应用获得的知识或技能。thus there should be a high degree of congruence between the learning environment and the setting in which the actual tasks are performed. 因此应该有高度的一致性之间的学习环境的设置和实际的执行任务.

4, instructional design focuses on outcomes that can be measured in a reliable and valid way 教学设计关注结果, 可以以一个可靠的和有效的方式

related to the issue of performance is creating valid and reliable assessment instruments. 相关的性能问题是创建有效的和可靠的评估工具。reliability concerns the

consistency of the assessment across time and individuals . 可靠性问题的一致性评估跨越时间和个人。obviously, if the assessment is not stable, its validity is seriously compromised. 显然, 如果评估是不稳定的, 其有效性是严重损害。

5, instructional design is empirical 教学设计是经验 empirical adj. 经验主义的，完全根据经验的；实证的 data are the heart of the ID process. 数据ID 的核心过程。data collection begins during the initial analysis and continues through implementation. 数据收集期间开始和继续通过实现作了初步的分析。

although the data might not always ping good news ,they are always friendly in that they provide a rational basis for decision making and a basis for successfully completing the project. 尽管数据并不总是带来好消息, 他们总是友好的, 他们为决策提供合理依据, 成功地完成项目的基础。

6，instructional design typically is a team effort教学设计通常是一个团队的努力

although it is possible for a single individual to complete an ID project , it is usually team effort. 虽然有可能一个人完成一个项目ID, 它通常是团队努力的结果。because of their size, scope, and technical complexity, most ID projects require the specialized skills of a variety of individuals. 因为他们的规模、范围和技术复杂性, 大多数ID 项目需要各种各样的个人的专业技能。