泰德休斯 橡树【泰德休斯诗歌中的人性化自然】

　　摘 要：英国桂冠诗人泰德·休斯的诗歌生动描绘了大自然的各种力量，并赋予其人的特性，本文详细分析其诗歌是如何结合自然与人的特性的，并把这些特性归类，从而展现其诗歌丰富的人文内涵，及诗人敏锐的艺术天才。
　　关键词：泰德休斯；人性化自然
　　作者简介：陈婧（1988.3-），女，籍贯：广东广州，华南师范大学外国语言文化学院研究生，专业为英语语言文学。
　　[中图分类号]：I106 [文献标识码]：A
　　[文章编号]：1002-2139(2012)-16-0-01
　　1. Ted Hughes: Charm of the Darkness
　　There is this conspicuous dark vigor in Hughes’ poetry that shots through one’s spine with thrill. The charm lies in its creative power that enlivens the dead, and freshens the living. His poetry proves him a man who boasts an acute sensitivity, to the various animal qualities very often unperceived by a less genius mind. It is ferocity itself, but the kind of ferocity that inflicts on the mind the sacred sentiment of awe, rather than contempt. It reveals a hidden world of passion, raging in iron-hot anger, and pulsing in vivid rancor. Hughes is one of those few gifted poets who are capable of conveying, with no lack of originality and almost no degree of dissatifaction in artistic representation, the essential spirit of what they observe. In attracting readers’ attention to some of Hughes’ poems, this essay aims at dissecting the poet’s view of a pervasively violent humanized nature, with all its vigor, vitality and vivacity.
　　2. Destruction and Cruelty
　　Hughes’ passion for violence is mixed with his love for animals. Throughout his early works, there are electrifying descriptions of jaguars, thrushes, and pike that generate metaphors relating such creatures to forces underlying all animal and human experience1. The huamn will to bring destruction, to inflict cruelty is reflected vividly in ‘Wind’. In this poem, the wind seems to be a natural embodiment of the human disposition to level out any contradictions. It crashes the woods, rumbles the hills, stampedes the fields, splits up the darkness of the night, and ruffles to a mess the water’s peace. And it spits on God’s residence, the sky, by twsiting it to a grimace, and threathens to smash it in a bang. Such bloody cruelty is shown again in ‘Pike’, climaxed in the scene where one of the two pikes heartlessly kills the other, a member of its own race, and terribly ends up being stuffed up too much and dies. This scene invariably evokes scenarios of wars, in which human slaughters hundreds of thousands of members of his own race, and meanwhile is at every minute subject to the possible threat of being killed himself.
　　3. Pretension and Peevishness
　　In addition to the will to bring destruction, Hughes’ poetry still portrays other qualities shared by nature and man, such as pretension, and peevishness. In ‘Hawk Roosting’, the poet imagines himself to be a hawk, sitting high up on trees, and ‘the air’s buoyancy and the sun’s ray’ are of advantage to him, and ‘the earth’s face upward for his inspection’, like a king. Human peevishness is no where better exemplified than in ‘Macaw and Little Miss’. The intensity of a parrot’s fiery temper, and its extreme irritability, are conveyed with perfect genuineness. And the creature is fundementally connected to a pretentious emperor, a supercilious tyrant, or a self-conceited aristocrat, who has long accustomed to his priviledge given by some mythological system of hierarchy, but now has to face the shameful reality of being caged and treated rudely, as he has stupidly fallen prey to some degrading snare of a crust and a bent pin, which is set originally for some vulgar common kind of birds, a song-thrush, for example.