Unit2性格与外貌特征 人的外貌特征

一、导学案：见电子文档

二、备课参考(红色标注为本单元释义)

ability n.

 [U] 能力 the fact of being able to do sth

ability to do sth:

The ability to laugh and smile is actually something we are born with.

笑与微笑实际上是我们与生俱来的能力。 2011 陕西改

 [C] & [U] 才能；才识；技能 a level of skill at doing sth

develop an ability 培养技能

musical / natural ability 音乐天赋 / 天赋

Students of all abilities will get together and study for two weeks. 各

种水平的学生将聚集在一起学习两个星期。

to the best of one’s ability 尽最大努力

I try to do my job to the best of my ability. 我尽全力做好我的工作。

pight adj.

 明亮的；阳光明媚的

a large pight room 明亮的大房间

The weather is pight and sunny. 天气晴朗，阳光明媚。

 (颜色) 鲜艳的；鲜亮的

I never wear pight colours. 我从来不穿鲜艳的衣服。

 欢快的；生气勃勃的

Her face was pight with happiness. 她的脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。

 聪明的；伶俐的

He was pight and curious about the world outside his hometown. 他

天资聪颖，对家乡以外的世界很好奇。 译林②–3

 (前途) 光明的 (promising)

You have a pight future. 你前途光明。

点拨一：ability (产出词汇) 掌握词族 able, ability, disabled, disability，建立词汇间的联系。

点拨二：pight (产出词汇) 表示“聪明的”词有pight, intelligent, smart, clever, wise pight intelligent; quick to learn常用来修饰年轻人或小孩，含有“机智伶俐的”的意思。

intelligent good at learning, understanding and thinking in a logical way侧重学习、推论或理解能力，有“悟性强”的意思。 smart (especially AmE) quick at learning and understanding sth clever (especially BrE) able to learn and understand sth quickly 当clever 用来修饰成年人时，往往带有贬义。

wise 指用自己的经验与学识，合理地作出决定和判断。有“高明”“精明”的意思。

smart adj.  聪明的；精明的 Mary’s teacher says she’s one of the smartest kids in the class. 玛丽 的老师说她是班上最聪明的孩子之一。 You are quite smart about business. 你做生意很精明。  漂亮的；潇洒的 You look smart in this red jacket. 你穿这件红色夹克真漂亮。 2008 湖北 simple adj.  简单的 名 Only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly ever acquire the skill to do difficult things easily. 只有有耐心圆满完 成简单工作的人，才能够轻松地完成困难的事。 ——席勒  朴素的；纯朴的 He lives a simple life. 他过着简朴的生活。  头脑简单的；迟钝的 They’re not so simple as to believe all that. 他们不至于糊涂到相信 那一套。  纯粹的 You must accept it because that’s a simple fact. 你必须接受，因为那 完全是事实。 talent n. [C] & [U]  天资；才能 She showed a talent for acting at an early age. 她在很小的时候就显 示出了表演天赋。 talent for (doing) sth: He has a natural talent for music. 他天生就有音乐天赋。 She showed considerable talent for getting what she wanted. 她很有 天赋，能够心想事成。  人才；有才能的人 There’s a wealth of talent in English football. 英格兰足球界人才济 济。 ► talented adj. 有天资的；有才能的

点拨三：simple (产出词汇)

考点复现

I am surprised that you should have been fooled

by such a(n) _________ trick. (2001 京蒙皖春)

A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple 答案：D

attitude n. [C] & [U]  态度；看法

show / take a modest attitude 表现出 / 采取谦虚的态度

Everything depends on people’s attitude. 态度决定一切。2014 江西 attitude to / towards:

We should develop a good attitude to life. 我们应该树立良好的生活 态度。 2008 辽宁  姿势

He knelt in an attitude of prayer. 他以祈祷的姿势跪着。

calm adj.

 (天气、海洋等) 静的；平静的

The weather was fi ne and the lake was calm. 天气很好，湖面很平 静。 外研④–6  (人) 镇静的；沉着的

If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. 如果在深山里迷路了，面对黑暗、孤 独和未知的情况，要保持镇静。

辨 quiet, calm, still, silent

四者均可用作形容词，均含有“静”的意思。

quiet 指物时表示“宁静的”、“寂静的”；指心境时表示“没有烦恼

和忧虑的”、“平静的”；指性情时意为“温柔的”、“娴静的”。

• I’d like to have a quiet talk with you. 我想心平气和地与你谈一

谈。

• She is a very quiet girl. 她是个很文静的女孩。

calm 指天气时表示“平静的”、“无风的”；指海洋时表示“风平浪

静的”；指人的心境、性情时，意为“镇静的”、“冷静的”。

• After the high wind passed, the sea was calm again. 大风过后，大海

又恢复了平静。

• You must try to be calm in the face of such a matter. 面对这样一件

事情，你必须尽量冷静。

still 常可表示“静止的”、“不动的”、“寂静的”、“无声的”，多指

无声无息、没有动作，不能用来表示心理上的平静。

• still water 死水

• Please keep still while I take your photograph. 我给你拍照时请不

要动。

silent用于指事物时，侧重没有声响；用于指人时，强调少言寡语。

• The house was silent because everyone was asleep. 所有的人都睡

着了，房子里很安静。

• John is a silent, thoughtful boy. 约翰是个不爱讲话，喜欢思考的孩

子。

点拨四：attitude (产出词汇) 1. 与介词to / towards 搭配 2. 考点复现

Despite such a big difference in ________ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. (2007 湖北) A. point C. attitude 答案：C

点拨五：calm (产出词汇) 1. quiet, calm, still, silent辨析 2. 考点复现

Don’t panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly. (2014 四川 短文改错) 答案: calmly  calm

B. idea D. sight

vt. & vi. (使) 平静；平静下来

calm down (使) 平静下来； (使) 镇静下来

You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 你不理会上课铃，而是到安静的地方安慰你的朋友。

人教①–1

When he gets upset, he takes a few deep peaths to calm himself down. 心烦时，他会深深地吸几口气以使自己平静下来。 n. [C] & [U] 平静；镇静

After a storm comes a calm. 暴风雨之后是平静；否极泰来

confident adj. 有信心的；自信的；确信的 a confident smile 自信的微笑

We should not mind what others say so long as we are confident in what we have done. 只要我们对自己所做的事有信心，就不该在意 别人说什么。 2012 北京 ① (be) confident of (doing) sth:

We are confident of our success. 我们对成功坚信不疑。 ② (be) confident + that 从句：

We are hopefully confident that we can overcome the difficulties. 我 们满怀希望，相信一定能够克服这些困难。

enthusiastic adj. (充满) 热情的；热心的 an enthusiastic supporter 热心的支持者 be enthusiastic about (doing) sth:

Today, I am just as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started. 现在，我对工作的热情一如既往。 人教⑥–5 ► enthusiastically adv. 热情地；热心地

patient adj. 有耐心的；容忍的 反impatient be patient with 对„有耐心

She was usually patient with her students and never made them disappointed. 她对学生通常很有耐心，从来不让他们失望。

点拨六：confident (产出词汇) 考点复现

The little girl walked ________ (自信地) onto the stage, ready for her first speech. (2012 陕西) 答案：confidently

点拨七：enthusiastic （阅读和产出词汇）

辨析eager和enthusiastic 二者都表示一种极其热衷和期待的状态。

eager对即将发生的事或想要得到的事物充满热切的渴求。常与介词for 连用。也可接不定式。 enthusiastic 表示兴致勃勃地、充满活力地进行活动，常与介词about连用。

点拨八：patient （产出词汇） ► patience n. [U] 耐心；容忍 反 impatience

be / get out of patience with 对„„失去耐心

lose (one’s) patience 失去耐心

character n.  [C] [常用单数] 性格

She has a cheerful but quiet character. 她的性格乐观文静。 名 Weakness of attitude becomes weakness of character. 态度上的弱点会变成性格上的弱点。 ——爱因斯坦  [U] 性质；特色；特性

The whole character of the school has changed since he became the

president.自从他担任校长以来，这所学校的整体特色已经改变了。 点拨九: character (产出词汇) 考点复现

 Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ________ building. (2009 湖北) A. respect C. reputation

B. friendship D. character

The

city invested 6 billion yuan to preserve the character of the old town. 该城市投资60亿元用于保护古城的特色。 外研⑦–6  [U] (好的) 品性；道德品质 a man of character

品德高尚的人 Sports can be good for

character building. 体育运动有益于培养良好的品格。  [C] 人物；角色

a famous character in history

历史上的著名人物 cartoon characters

卡通人物 a leading character in a film 电影里的主角  [C] 符号；字体 a musical character

乐谱符号 Chinese characters 汉字 ► characterize / characterise vt. 以„„为特色；具有„„的特征 An elephant is characterized by a long trunk. 大象的特征是鼻子长。 * determined adj. 决意的；坚决的；坚定的 Mother is

determined that I shall marry Jack. 母亲决意要让我嫁给杰克。She gave

me a determined look — the kind that said she wouldn’t change

her mind. 她给了我一个坚定的眼神——表明她是不会改变主意的。

人教①–3 (be) determined to do sth:

A lot of people are determined to become a millionaire.

很多人一心想成为百万富翁。 北师大④– 10

sensitive adj.  善解人意的；体恤的 You will need to

be committed, patient and sensitive to others. 你需要尽心尽力，有耐心并体谅他人。 2014 广东  敏感的；灵敏的 Women

are more sensitive to pain than men. 与男性相比，女性对疼痛更加敏感。 There’s

no doubt that the consumers are still very sensitive to the price. 毫无疑问，消费者仍然对价格十分敏感。

 He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his ________ was seen at its best when he worked with others. A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character

答案： D  D

点拨十: sensitive (认知词汇) 辨析sensitive和sensible sensible明智的；合理的；可觉察到的

a sensible answer / option 明智的回答/选择

strict

adj. 严格的 a strict teacher

严师 School regulations were strict.

学校的规章制度很严格。

外研⑦– 2 ① (be) strict with sb:

I think teachers need to be strict with students.

我认为老师应该对学生严格要求。 ② (be) strict in / about sth: be strict in work / discipline 对工作 / 纪律要求严格

generous

adj. 慷慨的；大方的 反 mean She is always very

generous to the kids. 她对小孩子总是很慷慨。 He was

generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。

人教① – 5 It was generous of you

to share your food with me. 你把你的食物分给我吃, 真慷慨。 I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period

without your generous help . 没有您的慷慨帮助，我不可能度过那段艰难时光。

2011 陕西 quality n.  [C] & [U] 质；质量

goods of a poor quality / poor-quality goods

劣质货物 improve the qualify of life

改善生活质量 This model is

of good / high quality, but it’s too expensive. 这个型号质量好，但太贵。 2011湖北改  [C] [常用复数] 品质；品德 the quality of honest

诚实的品性 What qualities does a great person have?

伟人具有什么样的品德？

人教①–5  [U] 优质

products of quality 优质产品

*responsible

adj. 有责任的；尽责的；作为原由的 a responsible teacher

负责的老师 Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages. 水资源短缺不完全是由人类活动引起的。

2013 安徽

点拨十一： strict (产出词汇) 1. 掌握与介词的搭配，后接sb 时，介词用with; 后接sth时，介词用in / about。 2. 考点复现

The acceptance of new members is ________ (严格) controlled. (2008 陕西) 答案 strictly

点拨十二: quality (产出词汇) 1. 表示人或物品质、特征的词有character, characteristic, nature, personality, quality等。 character 指人时，强调人的性格和好的品质，指物时，强调物整体的特征、特色。

characteristic 指区别于其他人或物的特征、特色。

nature 强调人的本性、天性。 personality 指人突出的个性、性格。

quality 指人时，侧指好的品德、品质。

(相关辨析练习见本单元综合训练部分)

2. ► responsibility n. [C] & [U] 责任；职责

accept / shoulder (a) responsibility 承担 / 担起责任

tough adj.

 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的

a tough match / job 艰苦的比赛 / 棘手的工作 It is tough to make a decision. 很难作决定。  严厉的；强硬的

Don’t be too tough on / with him — he was only a child. 别对他要求 过严，他只是个孩子。

 健壮的 反 weak；顽强的；粗暴的

He plays the tough guy in the movie. 他在电影中扮演硬汉。  (肉) 嚼不烂的 反 tender

The meat was tough and hard to chew. 这肉太老，很难嚼动。

laugh at  嘲笑

She laughed at me and said that I was not grown-up enough. 她笑话 我，说我不够成熟。 人教⑥–3  因„„而笑

laugh at a joke 听了笑话发笑

accustomed adj. [正式用语] 经常的；惯常的；习惯的 (be) accustomed to (doing) sth:

My eyes slowly grew accustomed to the dark. 我的眼睛慢慢适应了 黑暗。

注口语中更常用 (be) used to (doing) sth。

blame

vt. 责备；把„„归咎于 ① blame sb / sth (for sth):

We shouldn’t blame technology for our shortcomings. 我们不能 把自身的不足归咎于科技。 2013 安徽 Once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. 一旦养成把不好的情况归咎 于其他人或事的习惯，你就是一个失败者。 2010 广东 ② blame sth on:

Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving. 警方把事故归 咎于危险驾驶。

be to blame (for sth) (对某事) 负有责任： Who is to blame for the fire? 着火是谁的责任？

It’s all my fault. I’m to blame. 这都是我的错，都怪我。 n. [U] 责任；责备 take / bear the blame 承担责任

Where does the blame for our failure lie? 我们失败的症结在哪里？ He usually puts the blame on others. 他总是把过错推给别人。

点拨十三: blame (产出词汇) 1. be to blame (for sth) 结构中，blame不用被动语态。 2. 考点复现

 Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _______. A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame

D. to be blamed

________ for the peakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame

D. To be blamed

答案： C  B