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油菜可以追钾肥吗?_不同形态钾肥在油菜上的施用效果

发布时间:2019-07-10 04:01:43 影响了:

  摘要:采用盆栽试验方法,研究了水溶态、枸溶态和矿物态3种不同形态钾肥的施用效果。结果表明,在等养分投入条件下,矿物态钾肥(钾长石)对油菜生物量和钾素吸收没有效果,而水溶态钾肥(硫酸钾)和枸溶态钾肥(钾硅肥)均显著提高油菜生物量、钾素含量和钾素积累量。与对照不施钾肥相比,水溶态钾肥和枸溶态钾肥分别提高油菜生物量37.7%和47.6%,分别增加地上部钾素累积量2.05倍和2.14倍,钾肥利用率分别为29.6%和31.2%。在缺钾条件下,水溶态钾肥和枸溶态钾肥均能有效为油菜提供钾素养分,其中枸溶态钾肥效果略好于水溶态钾肥,说明在试验条件下枸溶态钾肥可以替代水溶态钾肥。
  关键词:水溶态钾肥;枸溶态钾肥;矿物态钾肥;油菜;钾素积累量;肥料利用率
  中图分类号:S565.406.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2012)16-3442-03
  Effect of Different Forms of Potassium Fertilizer Applied on Oilseed Rape
  ZHANG Li1,ZHANG Yang-yang1,XUE Xin-xin1,REN Tao1,LU Jian-wei1,L?譈 Zhong-qun2
  (1.College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
  2. Station of Agricultural Envinonmental Protection of Xiangyang City in Hubei Province, Xiangyang 441021, Hubei, China)
  Abstract: The effects of three different forms of potassium fertilizers (water-soluble potassium, citrate acid-soluble potassium and mineral potassium fertilizer) on oilseed rape were studied using pots experiment. Under the same nutrient input, the mineral potassium fertilizer (potassium feldspar) had no effect on oilseed rape, while the water-soluble potassium (potassium sulfate) and citrate acid-soluble potassium(Potassium-Silicon mineral fertilizer) could significantly improve the biomass, potassium content and potassium accumulation of oilseed rape and potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency. Compared with the contrast treatment(without potassium fertilization), water-soluble potassium and citrate acid-soluble potassium increased 37.7% and 47.6% of the rape biomass, and 2.05 and 2.14 times of aboveground potassium accumulation respectively. The potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency of water-soluble potassium and citrate acid-soluble potassium was 29.6% and 31.2% respectively. The results showed that in potassium deficiency conditions, the water soluble potassium and citrate soluble state potassium could effectively provide potassium nutrient for crop; and the effect of citrate soluble state potassium was better than that of the water soluble potassium, indicating that citrate acid-soluble potassium could replace water-soluble potassium.
  Key words: water-soluble potassium; citrate acid-soluble potassium; mineral potassium; oilseed rape; potassium accumulation; nutrient utilization efficiency
  钾是植物生长发育的必需营养元素,作物对钾的需求量与氮相当,钾在维持作物高产和优质方面起重要作用[1,2]。由于我国耕地复种指数高,大量的钾素随作物收获带走且得不到及时补充,导致我国农田土壤钾亏缺严重[3],我国很多地区农田钾素缺乏已成为作物高产高效的限制因子[4]。为了保障农业生产的持续发展,自20世纪80年代中期以来,我国农业生产就开始重视钾肥的施用,且钾肥的施用量不断增加,到2011年已达到800万t(K2O)。然而,由于我国可溶态钾资源短缺,每年使用的钾肥50%~70%依赖进口,这种钾肥自给率低下的现状不但制约着我国农业生产的发展,而且成为危及我国粮食安全的隐患[5]。实质上,我国难溶态钾矿资源储量丰富,只是由于技术等方面的原因很少开发利用[6]。面对我国农业生产发展对钾肥的高量需求和国内钾肥自给率低的矛盾,除继续保持一定量的钾肥进口并推广科学施用钾肥技术外,近年来,开发和利用难溶态的矿物钾肥受到社会各界越来越多的关注,并已取得一些进展[7,8]。为了更好地利用难溶态的钾矿资源,并对难溶态的钾矿资源进行相关工艺开发,研究探讨了原始矿物钾肥、通过工艺变性的枸溶态钾施用对作物的增产和供钾效果,以期为难溶态的钾矿资源科学开发和合理利用提供依据。

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