【情态动词shall】 情态动词shall的用法

　　2010年江苏省高考卷第25题是：　　—I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next week.
　　—Don’t worry. You___________have it by Friday.
　　A. could B. shall C. must D. may
　　对此许多学生感到疑惑不解：不是说shall只用于第一人称吗？现在怎么用于第二人称之后呢？原来这些学生对shall的认识还停留在“在一般将来时中作助动词”的用法上。在本题中shall是以情态动词的形式出现，而情态动词是历年高考中的常考内容，所以，本文对shall的情态动词用法加以小结，供大家参考。
　　一、表示意图，提出或征求意见，多用于疑问句中
　　Shall we have dinner? 我们吃饭好吗？
　　Shall I send you the book? 我把书给你寄去，好不好？
　　Shall he come tomorrow? 他明天会来吗？
　　Let’s go to play football, shall we? 我们去踢足球，去吗？
　　We shall celebrate his birthday every year. 我们会每年庆祝他的生日。
　　—What’s the name?
　　—Khulaifi.___________I spell that for you? (2006北京卷)
　　A. Shall B. Would C.Can D. Might
　　二、表示许诺
　　“Whatever you want you shall have,” said the king. “你想要什么就会得到什么。”国王说。
　　My dear, you shall have all the ships. 亲爱的，你会得到所有的船只。
　　You shall have the book the moment I finish it. 我一完成这书你就可得到它。
　　三、表示说话人强烈的决心和意志
　　—You’ll succeed. 你会成功的。
　　—I shall one day. 有一天会的。
　　“I shan’t go back to school, Daddy!” said the naughty boy. “我决不回学校，爸爸！”淘气的男孩子说。
　　The prisoners shall do what the police tell them to do. 犯人得做警察告诉他们要做之事。
　　四、表示威胁、命令、警告
　　He shall be punished. 他将受到惩罚。
　　You shall marry him. 你得嫁给他。
　　My wife always says “You shall ...” and I always say “I will ...” 我妻子常常说“你得……”而我常说“我愿意……”
　　You shall hand in your composition today, whether you want to or not. 不管你想不想，你得今天交上作文。
　　He shall be sorry for what he has done one day. 有一天他会为他的所作所为感到后悔。
　　—Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
　　—You___________have my computer if you don’t take care of it (2004湖南卷）
　　A. shan’t B. might not
　　C. needn’tD. shouldn’t
　　五、表示法律、规章等的规定
　　In China children shall not be employed in any company. 在中国任何公司不得雇佣童工。
　　Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。
　　Each guest shall return to the hotel before midnight. 午夜前客人必须返回宾馆。
　　—What does the sign over there read?那边的标语说的什么？
　　—No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.本区域禁止任何人吸烟或携带点燃的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。
　　Examinees shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 所有试卷收完后考生方可离座。
　　It has been announced that candidates___________remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.(2002上海卷)
　　A. may B. should C. must D. shall
　　“The interest___________be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. (2004重庆卷)
　　A. may B. should C. must D. shall
　　（责任编辑 周侯辰）