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[药剂处理对小麦全蚀病防效及其产量因素的影响] 影响农作物产量的因素

发布时间:2019-07-10 04:01:39 影响了:

  摘要:研究结果表明,采用药剂土壤处理和药剂拌种对小麦全蚀病[Gaeumannomyces graminis(Sacc.)ArX& Olivier var. tritici J. Walker]均表现出较好防效,对小麦产量也有明显影响。不同药剂土壤处理与对照相比,次生根受害症状表现推迟8~10 d,剑蚀消、70%甲基托布津和50%多菌灵防效分别为57.4%、32.9%和21.8%,后期枯穗率与对照枯穗率(0.75%)相比,防效分别为72.0%、66.6%和56.0%;产量与对照相比,分别增产31.1%、22.3%和18.6%。不同药剂拌种处理与对照相比,健禾保根部受害症状表现推迟12 d,其他处理推迟16~18 d;通过次生根受害程度调查,综合处理区平均防效达90.6%,3%敌萎丹、2.5%适乐时、12.5%全蚀净、3%敌萎丹+2.5%适乐时、6%立克莠和健禾保等处理平均防效分别为75.7%、51.2%、83.3%、66.4%、81.7%和57.4%;后期枯穗率与对照相比,平均防效依次分别达到85.3%、80.0%、97.3%、78.6%、84.0%和52.0%;产量表现以2.5%适乐时药剂拌种小麦产量最高,12.5%全蚀净处理小麦产量偏低。
  关键词:药剂处理;小麦全蚀病[Gaeumannomyces graminis(Sacc.)ArX & Olivier var. tritici J. Walker];防效;产量因素
  中图分类号:S435.12 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2012)16-3483-02
  Effects of Chemical Treatment on the Wheat Take-all Control and the Wheat Yield Factor
  LIU Wei-guo
  (Shangqiu Plant Protection and Quarantine Station in Henan Province,Shangqiu 476000,Henan,China)
  Abstract: Chemical soil treatment and seed dressing had a good control effect on wheat take-all and also could affect the wheat yield. Different chemical soil treatments, like Jianshixiao, 70% Thiophanate Methyl or 50% Carbendazim, could delay damage symptoms of secondary roots about 8~10 days compared with the control group, and the control effects of them were 57.4%, 32.9%, 21.8% respectively; their control effects of the late dry ear rates were 72.0%, 66.6%, 56.0% respectively compared with the control dry ear rate 0.75%; the yield increased 31.1%, 22.3%, 18.6% respectively compared with the yield of the control group. Compared with the control group, Jianhebao could delay damage symptoms of roots 12 days, while other seed dressing methods could delay 16~18 days; the research on the damage degree of the secondary roots indicated that the average control effect was 90.6% in the comprehensive treatment area, and the average control effects of 3% Dividend, 2.5% Celest, 12.5% Latitude, 3% Dividend with 2.5% Celest, 6% Raxil or Jianhebao were 75.7%, 51.2%, 83.3%, 66.4%, 81.7%, 57.4% respectively; compared with the control group, the average control effect of the late dry ear rates were 85.3%, 80.0%, 97.3%, 78.6%, 84.0%, 52.0% respectively; seed dressing with 2.5% Celest produced the highest yield, while seed dressing with 12.5% Latitude produced low yield.
  Key words: chemical treatment; wheat take-all [Gaeumannomyces graminis(Sacc.)ArX & Olivier var. tritici J. Walker]; control effect; yield factor
  小麦全蚀病[Gaeumannomyces graminis(Sacc.)ArX & Olivier var. tritici J. Walker]又叫小麦立枯病、黑脚病,是一种典型的土传根部病害,也是毁灭性和检疫性病害,广泛分布于世界各地,在我国呈逐年加重趋势。河南省1996年发现此病,目前已由区域点片发生发展到快速蔓延阶段,轻者一般减产10%~30%,重者减产50%以上,甚至绝收[1]。国内外虽加强对该病的研究,并取得了一定进展,但迄今为止未筛选出优势抗病品种,培肥地力也仅显示一般防病效果[2],开发和筛选全蚀病防治的新型药剂成为当务之急。2010年5月下旬,我们在发病较重的睢阳区郭村镇赵尤村开展小麦全蚀病防治药剂筛选试验,为实际生产需要提供科学配方和技术保证。

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