不良网络文化冲击伦理道德|

不良网络文化冲击伦理道德

Bad network ethics culture shock

摘要:随着计算机网络的发展，也带来了许多政治、法律伦理道德和社会问题研究探讨网络发展所带来的伦理道德问题，已经成为国内外各界人士普遍重视的前沿性课题。道德范畴主要包含三个方面内容:道德意识、道德规范、道德行为、本文探讨了计算机网络发展对道德的复杂性影响。

Abstract: with the development of computer network, also pought a lot of political, legal, ethical and social issues research to explore ethical questions pought by the network development, has become a frontier topic paid attention to by people from all walks of life both at home and apoad. Content mainly includes three aspects: morality moral awareness, moral norms, moral behavior, this paper discusses the computer network development impact on moral complexity.

关键词:Internet，道德意识，道德规范，道德行为

Key words: Internet, moral consciousness, moral norms and moral behavior

随着信息技术的迅猛发展，人类社会正逐步从业化社会向信息化社会迈进)为迎接21世纪的挑战，各国正在规划和实施适应信息时代的全国性、乃至全球性高速信息公路。世界土几乎所有发达国家都已相继建成了国家级的计算机网络，并相互连成覆盖全球的国际性学术计算机网络Tnternet据统计一，到19年1月为止，全球已有194个国家和地区联人了Tn-ternet。这是一场跨越时空的新的信息网络革命，它将比历史上的任何一次技术革命对社会、经济、政治、文化等带来的冲击更为巨大，它将改变我们的生产方式，生活方式以及作和学习方式。

With the rapid development of information technology, human society is gradually industry society to information society) to meet the challenges of the 21st century, countries are being planned and implemented nationwide, to adapt to the information age and global information highway at a high speed. World earth almost all developed countries have successively completed a national computer network, and connected to each other global coverage of international academic computer network Tnternet according to statistics, a, until January 19 years, the global 194 countries and regions have the Tn - ternet. This is a revolution of new information network across space and time, it will be better than the history of any a technology revolution of society, economy, politics, culture and the impact of more huge, it will change our mode of production, lifestyles and and learning style.

1道德意识领域

the moral consciousness

1.1道德相对主义盛行

The prevalence of moral relativism

后现代主义的道德相对主义(“你想怎样就怎样”或者“怎样都行”)，非中心主义，多元化，表面化，无终极目标等等，直接源于后工业社会生产形式、组织形式和文化格局但是在信急高速公路的雏型Tnternet网络世界中，道德相对主义却找到了它最适宜生长繁延的领域。这是因为:

Post-modern moral relativism (" what do you want to "or" whatever "), the centralism,

diversification, superficial, no ultimate goal and so on, directly derived from industrial society after the production pattern, organization form and pattern of culture but in urgent letter of an expressway Tnternet network world, moral relativism, find it the most suitable growth complex areas. This is because:

(1)Tnternet没有中心。在科学家们设计Tnternet的前身ARPANET时，军方就要求这个网络没有中心这样做的理由是.不管网络的哪一个特定的点受到攻击，’它的其他部分都能够正常工作。这样Internet就成了一大片相互联接在一起的网络，没有哪片网络统治哪片网络，也没有哪片网络是主要的Internet成了一个绝对没有中心的网络世界 。

(1) the Tnternet without center. In Tnternet scientists design ARPANET, the predecessor of the military requires that the reason is the network has no center. Regardless of which specific points of network is attacked, "the rest of it can work normally. So that makes the Internet a large network connection together, there is no rule which blade network, no network is mainly the Internet has become a world absolutely no center network.

(2)Internet没有开始也没有结束。从地理角度讲，Internet覆盖在整个地球的表面。而地球也是一个球体，在这个覆盖于球体的网状物中，既没有开始的地方也没有结束，意味着没有终极。一进人这个由光纤电缆和调制解调器构成的世界，你就变成了电子化的飞速运动的存在。这种状态，除了使人忘记对终极目标的追求外，也会让他不想对任何东西负责。因为作为一个个体，陷在无边无际之中，他无法觉得自己有能力对任何事情负责。也就是说，小小的个人在无边无际的网中的无能为力，为道德相对主义提供了最好的土壤和借口，造成道德相对主义的盛行。

(2) the Internet no start and no end. From the geographical point of view, the Internet coverage on the surface of the earth. And the earth is a sphere, in this mesh covered parts of the sphere, neither the place to start is not the end, means there is no ultimate. A in the composed of optical fiber cable and the modem world, you become the electronic the rapid movement of existence. This kind of condition, in addition to make people forget the pursuit of the ultimate goal, also can let he don"t want to be responsible for anything. Because as an individual, trapped in the endless, he could not feel his ability to responsible for anything. That is to say, little personal powerless in the boundless net provides a best soil and moral relativism excuses, due to the prevalence of moral relativism.

1.2无政府主义泛滥

anarchism

Internet当初的设计思想，是让信息在网络中能够自由的传播，这样，当网络的一部分遭到袭击时其它的部分依然能够正常运转。当这种思想变成现在的Internet事实之后，使你在网上实施言论控制成了一种不太容易的事情。眼下的Tnternet像一片藤草丛生的荒野。在这里，还没有政府机构诞生。所有的人都是自己的领导和主人，因为所有的人都拥有网络的一部分。没有谁独自拥有Internet，因此，Internet就没有一个最终的管理者。美国政府和各个地方以及机构的网络，再加上外国的网络造成了今天的Internet。在这当中，谁都没有绝对发言权，没有谁说了算。但同时，谁又都有发言权。 这样，Internet成了一个容许真正言论“自由’，的地方，一个彻底“民主”(或无政府主义)的地方，一个无法无天的地方。在这里，任何人可以按照他自己的原则(或者不要原则)说任何话，做任何事。在Internet上，一个人不需要承担自己的义务和责母，由此可以滥用自由的权利。

The Internet at the beginning of design ideas, is to get the information in the network to the spread of freedom, so, when part of the network attack other parts still can operate properly. When this idea becomes now the Internet after the fact, allow you to implement control of speech on the

Internet has become a kind of not too easy. The Tnternet now like a wild rattan grass. Here, no government agency was born. Everyone is his own and the leadership of the master, because everyone has a part of the network. Nobody owns the Internet alone, so, the Internet is not a final managers. And different parts of the U.S. government and agency network, plus foreign network created today"s Internet. In the midst of this, who all have no absolute right to speak, no one in charge. But at the same time, who all have a say. In this way, the Internet has become a allow real "speech freedom ", where a complete" democracy "(or anarchists), a lawless place. In here, anyone can be in accordance with the principle of his own principles (or not), say anything, do anything. On the Internet, a person does not need to undertake their obligations and responsibilities, which may abuse the right to freedom of.

1.3人际情感的疏远

the alienation of human emotions

人际情感是需要人与人的社会交往来维持的。而在网上交流时，我们的言谈举止都被转换成二进制的语言，我们的音容笑貌以数字化字符方式在屏幕上传播，我们成了数码化的存在:Degital Beingo Internet改变了人际交往的方式，使人与人之间的交流变成了人与机器之间的交流，这与现实生活中人与人的直接交往相比，人与人之间的隔离不是减少了，而是增大了。尤其是Internet所提供的跨时空，跨地域的多人参加、多向交流的技术，使人们更容易沉溺于网上交际，使现实生活中的交往机会减少，人与机器的接触却日益频繁，而终日与电脑终端打交道，同他人的社会交往会被削弱，使家庭成员之间，邻居之间，同事朋友之间的感情联系淡薄。

Human emotion is human social interactions is needed to maintain. When communicating on the Internet, our manners are converted into binary language, our voice spread in digital characters on the screen, we have become the existence of the digital: Degital Beingo Internet changed the way of interpersonal communication, making communication between people became the communication between human and machine, which directly contacts with people in real life than interpersonal isolation is not reduced, but increased. Across time and space provided by the Internet, in particular, across the region of the people, the multidirectional communication technology, make people more easily addicted to online communication, reduce the communication opportunities in real life, it has become a frequent contact with the machine, and dealing with computer terminal, all day long with others social interactions will be weakened and made between family members, neighbors, colleagues, friends feelings weak links.

2道德规范方面

ethics

2.1对传统的道德规范形成冲击，其约束力减弱。

impact on traditional ethics formation, the binding.

网络社会是人类为自己开拓的另一个生存空间，这个崭新的信息世界，基本上还是没有法律规范，没有道德规范的寝化社会，人们只是按照自己在现实社会中的人生体验来约束自己。这对建立在现实社会基础上的传统的道德规范形成巨大的冲突，使之约束力明显下降。目前网上的道德规范是非强制性的，只能靠个人的内心信念来维系，这样网上人是否遵从道德规范，也不易察觉和监督，而不像现实社会中的道德要靠社会舆论，传统习惯，内心信念三者同时来维持。因此建立在网上的道德规范约束力减弱。

Network society is a human for his pioneering another living space, the new information in the world, basically is not legal norm, not the bedroom of the code of ethics society, people only according to his experience in the real society to discipline yourself. The based on the social

reality of the traditional ethics a huge conflict, make the binding to be markedly reduced. Currently online code of ethics is not mandatory, can only rely on the personal inner conviction to maintain, so online person whether to comply with code of ethics, and supervision and also be aware of not easily and not like in the realistic society morality depends on social public opinion, traditions and inner conviction to maintain at the same time. Therefore to establish code of ethics binding weakens on the Internet.

2.2使道德规范在量的规范上不断扩张。

make the moral standards in the specification of the expanding.

从历史的运动来看，人类社会规范有一个量的积累过程，这表现为道德规范的适用对象的范围在总体上趋于提高和扩大。网络世界的发展对形成和发展道声德标准，制定新的规范开拓了新领域，产生了积极促进作用。在网络中，同样需要教养，网络行为和其它勘社会行为一样.需要一定的道德规范和原则。因此.世界各国纷纷研究制定了一系列相应的道德规范，这些规范涉及网络行为的方方面面，从电子邮件使用的语言格式，通讯网络协议，到字母的大小写，电子邮件签名等细节都有详尽的规范。例如美国华盛顿一个名为“计算机伦理研究所”的组织，推出“电脑伦理十诫”，南加利福尼亚大学网络伦理声明中指出的六种网络不道德行为类型，等等。所有这些规范都是对原有道德规范的补充和发展，使其在量上不断积聚和扩大。

From the point of the movement of history, the accumulation of human social norms have a quantity, which show the code of ethics for the scope of the object in general tend to improve and expand. Network formation and development of the development of the world that ethical standards and to develop new specification opens up a new field, has a positive promoting role. In the network, also need education, network behavior and the other can be social behavior. Needs certain moral norms and principles. So. Countries around the world have to formulate a series of corresponding code of ethics, these specifications relating to all aspects of the network behavior, from email to use language format, communication network protocol, to the letter case, details such as email signatures have detailed specifications. Such as Washington, dc, a group called "the computer ethics institute", launched the "ten commandments" computer ethics, network ethics at usc statement of six types of network immoral behavior, and so on. All these norms are the supplement and development of the original code of ethics, make its constantly accumulating and expanding in quantity.

2.3网络道德规范向法制化转化。

the network ethics to legalization.

具体的道德规范在量上的积聚并不是无止境的，其结果必然导致向法律法规的转化。针对网络社会中的犯罪行为和许多严重的社会问题，许多道德规范显得软弱无力，因此许多国家制定了相应的法律规范，力求规范团体和个体在网上的行为和关系。例如美国通过的“信息净化法”，“总统反恐怖法”和“隐私权保护法”，新加坡的“Internet管理体系”。我国为了促进Internet的健康发展，也于1996年颁布了“中华人民共和国计算机信息网络国际联网暂行规定”，并在97年3月八届人大五次会议通过的新《刑法》中也增加了对计算机犯罪的惩罚规定。

Specific code of ethics on the amount of accumulation is not endless, the result inevitably leads to the transformation of laws and regulations. According to criminal behavior in the network society and many serious social problems, many ethical look weak, therefore many countries formulate the corresponding legal norms, to regulate the behavior of groups and individuals on the Internet and relationships. Such as the United States through "information purification method",

"the President anti-terrorism law" and "privacy protection law", "Internet management system" in Singapore. In order to promote the healthy development of the Internet in our country, and in 1996 promulgated the "law of the People"s Republic of China provisional rules of international networking of computer information network", and in the fifth session of the eighth National People"s Congress (NPC) in March 97 through the new "criminal law" has increased the punishment regulations of computer crime.

3道德行为方面

moral behavior

3.1使人与人之间的交往方式产生新特点。

new features make the interactions between people.

Internet直接介人“交际”领域，为人类创造了独具特色的网上空间，为现代人的交往提供了一个全新的场所。其一，网上空间具有虚拟性，可以“相识不相见”，从而免除交往者的奔波之苦。其二，网上空间具有开放性，交互性，且覆盖广裹。上网者可以定向抵达一点，也可以同时抵达多点，从而形成颇具规模的“交际圈”，为人们在更大的范围内交友、择友提供了前所未有的便利。其三，网上交友可以“匿名进人”，在“Internet上，没人知道你是只狗”，交谈者可以对对方的真实身分一无所知。这也便于人们以平等的身分进行交往，使交际变得更加自由和轻松。

Internet direct referral "communication field", created a unique online space for humanity, for the modern people"s exchanges provides a pand new place. First, space is a virtual online, you can "get to know each other not meet", so as to exempt from contacts of the travelling. Second, the Internet space has openness, interactivity, and cover wide wrapped. Web surfers can redirect arrived a bit, can also arrive more at the same time, thus forming a considerable size of the "network", for the people within a larger dating and friends provides unprecedented convenience. Third, online dating can be "anonymous", in "on the Internet, nobody knows you"re a dog", interviewers may know nothing about each other"s true identity. It is convenient for people to communicate with equal status, make communication becoming more free and easy.

正是由于Internet的自身特点，使网上人与人之间的交往具有了新特点:既直接又间接。直接:网上提供许多聊天或交谈渠道，人们可以借助网络进行同时性谈话。间接:所有谈话都是通过屏幕上的字母和语句来完成，听不到对方声音和语气，看不到表情。Internet为人们“撒谎”和“说真话”同时提供了巨大的方便。

Because of the characteristics of the Internet, make online interpersonal interaction has new characteristics: both directly and indirectly. Direct: provides many chat or talk online channels, people can use network to sex talk at the same time. Indirect: all conversation is done through letters and sentences on the screen, can"t hear each other voice and tone, no expression. The Internet for people to "lie" and "truth" at the same time provides a great convenience.

3.2出现大量不规范行为。

there are so many irregularities.

杜尔凯将失范注释为“一种社会规范缺乏，含混或者社会规范变化多端以致不能成为社会成员提供指导的社会情境”。在网络发展初期，新旧道德规范并存、交替、更迭，造成规范内容的冲突和衔接的脱钩，引发了大量的失范行为，主要表现为:

Du Erkai anomie comments as "a lack of social norms, vague or changing social norms to become members of society to provide guiding social situation". At the beginning of the network development, old and new ethics coexist, alternate, change, create specification content of conflict and cohesion of decoupling, caused a lot of behavior anomie, main show is:

(1)失规范的行为。建立在现实社会中的道德规范由于不适应网络运行的新环境，而形同虚设。面对新的网络领域，又一时没有形成新的道德规范，从而大量网上行为处于既不受旧规范的制约，又无新法可依的真空状态。例如:某个人通过某个IsP或B s传播了侵权或违法的信息，那么IsP业者或BBs站长应承担什么样的责任?是过错的责任还是无过错的责任?如是过错责任，在什么情况下才算有其过错呢?这引起了多方争议。至今，法律上还没有明确的界定。

(1) loss of norms of behavior. Established in the realistic society ethics because do not adjust to the new environment of network operation, and was largely invisible. In the face of new areas of the network, and at that time did not form a new code of ethics, and a large number of online behavior is neither the restriction of the old standard, nor the new law can be in accordance with the state of vacuum. For example: someone through an IsP or B s information dissemination of the infringement or violation of the law, then your IsP or BBs webmasters what responsibility should assume? Is the responsibility of the fault or no-fault liability? If fault liability, under what circumstances is has its fault? This has caused many disputes. So far, has not yet clearly defined by law.

(2)规定冲突的行为。在网络世界上，新的道德规范建设过程中，会不断受到传统道德规范的抗拒，这种不同规范体系的并存、冲突、必然造成网上行为的两重性。例如:现实生活中要求人们遵守纪律，承担责任，而在Internet中，更强调言论自由和不受控制，不要对任何事情负责，两者并存的结局便导致大量的不负责任的谩骂，发布虚假信息等等。

(2) Provisions conflict behavior. In network world, in the process of new ethics construction, will continue to resist by traditional ethics, the coexistence of different standard system, conflict, necessarily causes the duality of Internet behavior. For example, in real life requires people to abide by discipline, responsibility, and in the Internet, more emphasis on freedom of speech and uncontrolled, not responsible for anything, the coexistence of both end will lead to a lot of irresponsible name-calling, issued false information, etc.

(3)严重的失范行为—网络犯罪。由于立法滞后和Internet自身安全性差的弱点(跨时空、跨地域的开放性的、无主控的国际网络)，网络上时常会非法潜人一些“黑客”或者恶作剧的精灵，进行破坏。Internet又成为犯罪分子开拓的新领域，网络犯罪由此产生，并有愈演愈烈之势，成为网络社会的公害。常见的网络犯罪有网上盗窃、诈骗，电脑病毒的制作和传播、盗版等等。

(3) severe anomie behavior - cyber crime. Due to legislative lag and poor safety of Internet itself weaknesses (open across space and time, cross-regional, no master international network), often illegally hidden some people will be on the network "hackers" or mischievous elf, for damage. The Internet and become criminals to explore new territory, the resulting network crime, and has the potential of intensified, public hazards in the construction of the network society. Common network crime include online theft, fraud, production and dissemination of computer virus, piracy, and so on.

计算机网络就像一把双刃剑，它既可以极大地造福人类，又可无情地损害人类。当然网络发展对伦理道德的影响不可能一夜之间形成，所以在评价它的影响时要求我们既要有一种超前意识，又要有一种现实的态度。在我国建设信息高速公路的初期，我们就应该认真研究它可能并已经带来的任何道德方面的复杂性影响，考虑利用网络对社会舆论进行必要的引导，塑造思想、政治、教育的全新环境，以便于制定有效的防范措施，通过法律、政策和道德教育等手段来约束人们的行为，保证我国网络建设的健康发展。

Computer network is like a double-edged sword, it can greatly benefit mankind, but also

relentlessly hurt humans. Network development impact on ethics, of course, can"t be formed overnight, so when evaluating its effects requires that we should not only have a kind of consciousness in advance, and want to have a realistic attitude. At the beginning of the construction of information highway in our country, we should carefully study and it may have no moral aspects of the complexity of impact, consider using the Internet to necessary guidance of public opinion, shape the thoughts, politics and education in the new environment, in order to make effective preventive measures, through the means such as law, policy and moral education to restrain people"s behavior, and ensure the healthy development of the network construction in our country.