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科技应用文写作要求 科技应用文写作

发布时间:2019-08-03 09:42:45 影响了:

科技应用文写作

(Technical Document Writing)

在现代工业社会中,生产生活各个方面几乎都与科学技术有关,而科技文件是科技知识的载体。科学技术文件可以分为科学论文与科技应用文两大类。

科技应用文涉及面极广,从科技项目申请书、公司/产品简介,科技产品说明书、操作手册、科技产品购销合同书、鉴定书,以及科技产品广告。再如科技工作中的各种信函、报告都属于这类文件,习惯上统称为科技应用文。它不同于科学论文主要之点在于前者不包括创新的科技知识,对它们最重要的共同要求是简洁、精确。

1 科技文件的重要性(Importance of technical documents) 教学目的:

①To help students understand the importance of technical documents

②To help students see the characteristics of technical documents 学时:2 hours

教学内容:

通信、信息交流、编写技术文件是每个科技工作者的日常工作,有许多事不能用电话或口头谈话解决。即使是网上作业,无纸文件还是离不了文字写作,只不过是在屏幕上写而已。

科学技术文件越来越显得重要,如任何工程设计必须有完整清晰

的说明书,任何科技工作都必须有精确完整的报告。正如些科学论文是科学研究工作者的必要工作,写报告是科技工作者的日常事务。技术文件的重要性可概括性如下。

1.1字和图像是信息的基本载体(Basic vehicle for communication)

很自然地想到音响是传播信息最直接的工具,确实如此,人类在没有文字以前只能用声音传递信息。有了文字之后,音响的地位就被替代了。即使今天已经可以把音响记录下来,仍然以文字和图像作为信息的基本载体。因为听觉的功能无论如何不能与视觉相比。

1.2 好的文件意味着高质量的产品(Good documents implying high-quality products)

从产品开发阶段就注意到正确描述产品的结构与功能,直到最后形成完整的技术文件,这是现代文化文明生产的必由之路,它本身就是不断的提高与积累经验的过程。技术人员都明确地认识:技术资料是产品研究与开发的不可缺少的组成部分,而不是它的附属物。

1.3 写作的现代化更提高了技术文件的重要性(Hardware and software improvements elevating the importance of technical documents)

文字及图像处理软、硬件进展显著,大大提高了处理文字、图像的功能与效率,近年来由于计算机辅助科技写作进展及网络化,科技文件更便于贮存,更便于国际交流,更能发挥其作用。

2 科技应用文写作特点(Characteristics of technical writing)

每一种科技应用文都有特定的目的和阅读对象。如果主要阅读对

象是中学水平的,内容要浅一点,甚至要从宇宙速度开始讲;如果对象是一般工程师,内容不必太浅,似乎应该更多地讲一点。由此可见目的与对象是密切相关的。

总之,技术文件的特殊要求就在与写作目的与对象的协调,下面再进一步阐述“目的”与“读者”的含义。

2.1 目的及关键信息(Purpose and key Message)

任何技术文件总有特定的目的。使读者了解或相信某些事物,从事某项工作,解决什么问题。文件中必须提供这些事物、工作、问题的关键信息,有效的表明文件的目的,简明清晰的陈述相应的关键信息,就是技术文件写作的核心。

技术文件的写作往往是一个集体创作,因为各个篇章可能涉及的多方面的要求和技术内涵,需要各方面提供信息或参加写作。无论是写作的作者、还是编辑者都必须对文件的目的有共同的认识。

2.2 读者(Audiences)

开始写作之前,首先要明确:谁是文件的读者?读者的要求是什么?然后回答如下读者的问题:

·读者需要哪一类信息;

·读者需要的信息量:详细说明还是一般介绍;

·读者对该问题的知识水平、技术水平。

适应不同类型的读者的特点:

·管理人员更关心的是一般特征、历史背景、总体效益;

·技术人员更有兴趣的是技术细节,创新性,实用性与可靠性;

·普通用户最注意的是可靠性与性能价格比;

·年轻读者欢迎流行的、非正式的语言;年长者倾向于正轨,严谨的风格。

3.公司(单位)简介、产品说明(Company/product introduction/description)

教学目的:

①To help students understand how to write Company/product introduction

②To help students see the characteristics of each kind of description 学时:2 hours

教学内容:

单位(公司)的一般介绍,产品性能说明。这是每个单位、产品不可缺少的技术资料。如果不含技术内容,就是一般广告。这份资料是一个单位的形象,反映一个单位的水平。不言而喻,这是一份十分重要的资料。

写作风格和内容,应符合科技写作要求。其严谨程度比科学论文一点也不逊色。由于这类文件往往有很高的技术含量,通常是有精通本行又熟悉英文科技写作的人员来起草。

3.1 功能与格式 (Function and Format)

There is a variety of ways of writing introduction /advertisements to introduce companies. While some introductions /advertisements are very

short and pief, others are long and detailed. As for the contents of the introductions /advertisements, however, they usually cover the following aspects, though the order may be different:

1. General introduction(information) 概述

1)Identity/Nature/history of the company 公司的性质

2)Scale(Status)of the company 公司的规模(地位)

3)General principle and aims of the company 公司开展业务的宗旨

2. Scope of business of the company 经营范围

3. Information for further communication 联系地址及电话、电传号码等

厂商介绍常用套语举例:

The following expressions are often used to give the identity, principle, scale and scope of business when introducing a company.

1.Nature of the company

…is a specialized corporation engaged in …

…is a joint venture with independent legal person qualification invested (approved) by…

…is a state-owned (private-owned) enterprise

…is a company registered officially in…

…is a legal entity with the authority to handle…

…is one of the national first class enterprises.

… is a specialized foreign trade company directly authorized by …

… is a comprehensive business corporation with the status of a legal entity…

It has been ranked one of the top 500foreign trade companies.

2. scale of a company

Our company has set up panches or joint ventures in …

We have established steady business relations with clients in more than 50 countries.

….has…subsidiaries across the country

….has offices in…

has been expanding extensively into a…

3.Principles of a company

The guiding principle of our company is…

We aim principally at…

The company will follow its motto…

We will persist in (adhere to) the principle of…

Following the principle of…, the company will…

… has adopted a consistent policy of…

By adhering to and under the guidance of the principle of …

4. Scope of a company

The scope of our business is…

Our company mainly deals in…

Our business scope includes…

Our business line covers:

这类文件趋向于采用统一的格式:标题、正文、结束语。标题与结束语往往只有几个字,不成句子。但是要写得妥帖、地道,必须精雕细刻,必须对文字的写作目的与对象有透彻的了解。正文切忌冗长,空话套话连篇。要条理清晰,一句话一个意思。

Applied Writing exercise in class: phrases writing/translation

1.于香港开业 2. 扩大业务范围

3. 指导原则 4. 创建初期

5.以…为首要目标 6.经营多种进出口和转口业务

7.一贯秉持… 原则 8. 真诚待客、信守诺言、服务周到

9.优质/名牌食品 10.食用油

11. 土产,畜产 12.农产品和海产品

13.以生产优质食品为宗旨 14.不断努力

15.达到/符合国际标准 16.建立良好信誉

17.农业资源丰富 18.积极参与

19.利用…天然优势 20. 促进国际贸易

21.与…保持密切联系 22.复合… 精神

23.同行 24.为… 提供精心服务

Homework:

1.译写出下列公司简介:

1) 中国太平洋保险公司是交通银行投资设立的股份资本保险企业。 公司在全国有50多个分支机构。

中国太平洋保险公司是具有法人地位的有限责权经济实体,实行董事会领导下的董事长管理体制。公司由总部统一领导,各级分别自负盈亏。

2)大庆石化经济技术开发股份有限公司隶属于中国石油大庆石化总厂是1995年经过黑龙江体改委批准成立并在大庆高新技术产业开发区注册的股份制企业。公司位于大庆市龙凤区。现有生产及辅助装置18套,固定资产1.5亿元人民币。现有员工620人,其中具有中级以上技术职称22人。

公司牢固树立“爱国、创业、求实、奉献”的企业精神,广纳社会贤才,深入挖掘内部潜力,把最好的产品和最优良的服务奉献给社会作为企业追求的最终目标。公司坚持以“企业信誉谋生存,产品质量求发展”,于2003年通过了ISO9001质量管理体系认证。

2.每人找出至少一份产品简介(中英文都有),并总结出常用词语,(will be presented next time by students)

3.2 练习

Exercise 1 Liebherr- Aerospace 公司简介实例(有关用户服务部分) In addition to new structures for field assistance, on-time deliveries, technical support and short repair turn-around-time, further development of Customer oriented skills and practice is taking place:

·Anticipation and imagination

·Responsibility from the design of a product to the end of its life Contracts

·Help the Customer by listening to its demands and sales. As the original equipment manufacturer, they provide:

·24 hours/365days per year service

·Training

·Reliability studies

·Maintenance manuals

·Service engineering

·Customer Service

·Spare manufacture

Listening to both, the aircraft manufacture and Airlines or Operators, the Liebherr- Aerospace company are offering a dynamic Customer Service from a global network.

We, the Liebherr-Aerospace companies, take care of the most valuable assets: Our Customers.

文章是严格地按照科技文件的要求来写的,简明、扼要而有特色。 Exercise 2写作实践:用英文写出下列公司简介:

Transn(传神)联合信息技术有限公此是互联网时代新型语言服务提供商,效力于成为客户的虚拟语言部门(VLD),最大幅度降低客户的资金成本和时间成本,增强客户本地化和国际化过程中的竞争力,帮助客户更好地实现价值。

传神联合有着丰富的行业经验和积累,独创翻译过程管理(TPM)质量管理体系,将先进的管理技术、信息技术和互联网技术成功应用于翻译及本地化的过程控制及质量管理,依托分布全球的优秀语言专家,实现规模吞吐和系统化的质量控制,成为领先的产业化语言服务企业。

公司秉承“专业、诚信、及时、增值”的服务理念,为国内外客户提供一流服务。 参考答案:As a new type of language service provider in the internet era, TRANSN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CO.LTD. is committed to serve as the Virtual Language Department of its clients. TRANSN provides its clients with instant translation service and let those clients spend less and get more, as well as enhance clients’ competitiveness in the business of localization and

internationalization.

With its rich experiences, TRANSN has a unique TPM system that integrates advanced management, information and internet technologies for quality and process control of translation and localization tasks. Thanks to its numerous language experts strategically positioned all over the world, as well as its vast capacity with quality and process control through IT system, the company is an established leader of industrialized language services.

Adhering to the business philosophy of “Professionalism, Honesty, Timeliness, and Value-added,”TRANSN is poised to offer its first-class services to clients in both China and the rest of the world with guaranteed satisfaction. EXERCISE 3

Complete the following introduction /advertisement by translating the parts given in Chinese:

China Pacific Insurance Company Ltd.

General Introduction

1. _______________________________(中国太平洋保险公司是一家股份有限公司). It is the second nationwide insurance company in China, the registered capital of which is one billion yuan(Renminbi). Its Head Office is situated in Shanghai.

2. _______________________________(中国太平洋保险公司在全国各地设有五十多个分支机构). The head office has appointed more than one hundred agents at various important ports and cities in over sixty countries and districts throughout the world to conduct survey on cargoes, settle claims and effect recoveries on its behalf. And now it has offices in New York, London and Hong Kong.

3. ______________________________ (中国太平洋保险公司将永

远奉行自己的宗旨):

Serve its Chinese and foreign clients with first rate service quality, first rate work efficiency and first rate company reputation.

4. ______________________________ (业务经营范围):

1) To underwrite different sorts of insurance, either in Renminbi or foreign currency.

2) To transact reinsurance business at home and apoad and

statutory insurance.

3) To invest in securities and deal with other financial

transactions.

4) To establish agency relationship with Chinese and foreign

insurance institutions and participate in international insurance activities.

No.3 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, China

Tel:2863010

Fax:2865680

Exercise 4译写出下列公司简介:

大庆石化经济技术开发股份有限公司隶属于中国石油大庆石化总厂是1995年经过黑龙江体改委批准成立并在大庆高新技术产业开发区注册的股份制企业。公司位于大庆市龙凤区。现有生产及辅助装置18套,固定资产1.5亿元人民币。现有员工620人,其中具有中级以上技术职称22人。

公司牢固树立“爱国、创业、求实、奉献”的企业精神,广纳社会贤才,深入挖掘内部潜力,把最好的产品和最优良的服务奉献给社会作为企业追求的最终目标。公司坚持以“企业信誉谋生存,产品质量求发展”,于2003年通过了ISO9001质量管理体系认证。

DaQing Petrochemical Economic Technique Development Incorporated Company is a subsidary of PetroChina Company Limited DaQing Petrochemical Complex, which is a share system business enterprise that was approved by the system reforms the committee of Heilongjiang Province in 1995 and was registered in DaQing High-Tech Park. The company lies in the LongFeng district, DaQing City. Currently it owns 18 sets of production equipment and accessorial production equipment, 0.15billion CNYS of capital asserts. The company has 620 personnel in the staff , of whom 22 are the middle and senior title of a technical post hodlers.

The company is firm to set up “patriotic, start a business, beg solid, offer” of business enterprise spirit, accept the society wise,internal potential in thorough excavation, offer the best product to pursue with the end target of superior good service that be used as the society the business enterprise. The company with “the business enterprise pretige makes a living to save, the product quality begs the development”,passed the ISOP 9001 quality management system attestation in 2003.

4. 信函格式要求(format requirements for letters)

写信,事实上却不是每个人都愉快胜任。能够写出清晰、无误的英文信,也不是容易达到的要求。近年来,无论是中文还是英文的信函内容、格式的要求都有显著变化。过去所形成的习惯,有些需要改变。从学生的实际写作能力来看,深感有必要从写信这一步开始。

3.1 一般要求 (General requirements)

·三段式

所有技术函件或技术有关的信函,基本上都统一于三段的格式:开场白、正文、致意,而且强调尽可能的简短。现在信息流通量大,说多余的话只有令人厌烦,开场白和致意最好不要超过两三句。 ·切忌繁琐的开场白与致意

开场白的任务时开门见山,说明下面要讲什么,客气话少说。特别是开头的致意切忌繁琐。

·附件注释

历来惯用的词句:Enclosed please find…, Enclosed herewith 之类套话少用。只是在信的末尾加以注明。

3.2 电子邮件(Electronic mail)

电子邮件是一种日益广泛流行的通信方式。以技术内容的电子邮件,就其写作要求,与现代技术函件并无差别,但有几点格式上的区别:

·不同于书面文件。一个版面不能像word那样大的整个页面,只能看见到几行。

·因此要求内容更为精简明确,开门见山。决不能等到文章写到最后才说明主要宗旨。

·标题栏很重要。通过标题使读者扫一眼就看到中心思想,可以弥补版面小的缺点。

·习惯上还没有把email当作正式文件,而是为了迅速传递信息。通常作为正式文件是在发出email后,另外在寄发书面函件。

3.3 传真(Fax)

传真也是目前常用的一种通讯工具。除了利用Internet以外,也可以直接利用电话线传递。用internet的email传递,取件时必须输入password,有一定的保密功能。如果用电话线传递,则办公室任何人都可以收到这封信。因此,在抒写格式上通常是加一栏Attention,指出谁是收信人。

4 各类事务信件实例 (Examples for various kinds of business letters)

教学目的: ①To help students understand Examples for various

kinds of business letters

②To help students see the characteristics of each kind of

business letter

学时:2 hours

教学内容:

4.1 说明信

《新英汉词典》对cover letter 或covering letter 的解释是“说明信”。这个解释明确地概括了这种新的主要功能。最典型的说明信是申请信:应聘申请,求学申请;这类申请必须有简历等附件,而这些附件必须通过cover letter来说明。论文向杂志投稿,也需要些说明信,但那种说明信于一般申请信不同,只要介绍文章的标题,不要谈文章内容,编辑或审稿人会认真阅读的。

说明信的格式于一般信件并无不同之处,有几点具体要求: ·开场白

·正文

·结束语,致意

4.2 推荐信

学校的入学或某些部门的求职,需要推荐信。了解推荐信的写作规范是必要的,以下是摘录MIT对推荐信的要求。

Contents:

·How long and how well you have known the students.

·How are you evaluating the applicant’s qualifications and past performance?

· Do you have any reason to believe that the applicant should be favorably considered?

·Information about accomplishments in research or independent projects will be particularly helpful.

5 简历(Resume)

教学目的: ①To help students understand how to write resume

②To help students see the characteristics of resume

③To arouse students’ interests of writing

学时:2 hours

教学内容:

特点和要求

申请书或求职信后面一定要附一份简历。作为一份技术文件,“目的”与“读者”仍然是先要考虑的。总之,一切有用于所申请的工作的事项,都要充分体现。尽可能醒目,有吸引力。努力满足简洁、精确的要求。

·篇幅不能超过一页。

·每一项内容都尽可能具体,明确。

·Resume 是一个信息清单。从头到尾都不包含人称,也没有隐含人称的表达形式。

7 主页(Home page)

教学目的: ①To help students understand what is Home Page

②To help students see the characteristics of content of

home page

学时:2 hours

教学内容:

主页是近来广泛流行,而且是高效率信息发布的文件。属于技术性内容的主页,也是技术文件的一种新的体裁。其实,就内容与写作要求而言,与一般科技写作并无差别。

例1 北京大学

Peking University: An Overview

Peking University is a comprehensive and national key university. The campus, known as “Yan Yuan”— the gardens of Yan, is situated at eh northeast of the Haidian District in the western suburb of Beijing. It stands near the Yuan Ming Gardens and the Summer Palace.

The University consists of 6 colleges and 29 departments, with 85 specialties for undergraduates, 3 specialties for the second Bachelor’s degree, 146 specialties for Master candidates and 97 specialties for Doctoral candidates. While still laying stress on basic sciences, the university has paid special attention to the development of applied sciences.

The university has made an effective combination of the research on

important scientific issues with the training of personnel with high level specialized knowledge and professional skill as demanded by the country’s socialist modernization. It strives not only for the simultaneous improvements in teaching and research work, but also for the promotion of interaction and mutual promotion among various subjects. Thus, Peking University has become a center for teaching and research and a university of the new type, consisting of diverse panches of learning such as pure and applied sciences, social sciences and the humanities, and sciences of management and education. Its aim is to rank among the world’s best universities at the beginning of the next century.

例2 (略)

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