过去完成时的否定句

过去完成时的否定句_湖南省师大附中高二上学期期末考试英语试题 Word版含解析

湖南省师大附中 2013-2014 学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题时间: 2014-1-23Part Ⅰ 略 Part Ⅱ必考Ⅰ部分 Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Language Knowledge(40 marks)Section A(10 marks) Directions： Beneath each of the following sentences there are 4 choices marked A， B， Cand D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence.21. If therebe a global nuclear war， life on the earth as we know it____end forever.A . will； willB. should； wouldC. were to； willD. is to； would【考点】考查 if 引导的虚拟语气【答案】B【解析】句意：如果发生核战争，那我们所熟悉的地球上的生命就会不复存在。在 if 引导的 虚拟条件句中，分三种情况：⑴与现在事实相反：（从句谓语动词）动词的过去式(be 用 were 而不用 was) （主句谓语动词） should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 ；⑵与过去 事实相反：（从句谓语动词）had + 过去分词（主句谓语动词）should/ would/could/might + have+过去分词 ；⑶与将来事实相反：（从句谓语动词）①.should+动词原形 ②.动词 过去式 ③.were to+动词原形 （主句谓语动词） should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形。

综上所述，选 B。【举一反三】.(2011·北京卷 30) Maybe if I______science, and not literature then, I would beable to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying【解析】C。

如果我之前学习科学而不是文学的话..我想我可以帮助你更多。题意可知学科学是与过去相反 所以用 if+had done。22. It was silly of him tohis notes during that important test， and as a result， hegot punished.A. stick to B. keep to 【考点】考查动词短语辨析C. refer toD. point to【答案】C【解析】句意：他真愚蠢在那么重要的考试中查看笔记，结果，他受到了惩罚。stick to 坚持；keep to 保持；C. refer to 参考；D. point to 指向。根据语境，选 C。23. — Hurry up！ Alice and Sueare waiting for you at the school gate.— Oh！ I thought theywithout me.A. had gone B. are going C. have gone D. went【考点】考查宾语从句中的时态【答案】A【解析】句意：——快点吧！ Alice 和 Sue 正在门口等你呢。——噢！我以为她们没等我走了呢。根据情景，用过去完成时表示过去的过去。24. The manager，it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us， left the meetingroom.A. who has made B. having made 【考点】交际用语—用餐C. madeD. making【答案】B 【解析】句子的主干是“The manager left the meeting room.”用动词的现在分词“having made”表伴随，与主语之间是主动关系。故选 B。25. Thanks to the work of UNICEF. Otherwise many childrenthe chance ofliving a good life.A. will not have B. have not had 【考点】考查虚拟语气C. do not haveD. would not have【答案】D 【解析】句意：多亏了 UNICEF 的工作。否则，很多孩子都没有机会过上好日子。可以理解为：如果没有 UNICEF 的工作，很多都没有机会过上好日子。根据句意，与现在事实相反， 主句用 should/ would /could/ might+动词原形，故选 D。26. The breaking of a taboo is usually upsetting or embarrassing for the person____and the people around him or her.A. to concernB. concerning【考点】考查 concern 的用法C. concernedD. concern【答案】C【解析】句意：打破禁忌经常会令他/她关心的人和周围的的人生气或尴尬。to concern 去关心；B. concerning 关于； C. concerned 关心的； D. concern 关心，此处是形容词作后置定语，故选 C。27. Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts， the UN helps countrieswith other problems such aseducation， starvation， disasters， AIDs and otherdiseases.A. lack for B. lack in 【考点】考查 lack 的用法C. lackD. lack of【答案】D【解析】句意：——晚上好，是两人用餐吗？ ——对。我们想要一张靠边的桌子。Lack n.没有,不足,缺乏(通常在其后+of) ；Lack v.没有，缺乏，lack sth; 常用短语 be lacking in 缺乏（某种品质、特点等）,不够，Lack for 缺（多用于否定句）。根据语意可知，此处为名词，故选 D。28. “You are too selfish. It’s high time youthat you are not the most important personin the world.” Peter said to his boss angrily.A. realized B. realize C. will realize D. have realized 【考点】考查句型 It’s high time+从句【答案】A 【解析】句意：“你太自私了，该是你认识到并不是只有你自己是这个世界上最重要的人的时候了”皮特生气地对老板说到。It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用 should 加动词原形，但 should 不可省略。如： It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed. 29.—Did you enjoy your tour around Beijing， Mr Singh？—Yes. But I hatewhen the tour guide held out his left hand to shake hands withme.A oneB. thatC. itD. this【考点】考查指示代词【答案】C【解析】句意：——北京的旅途愉快吗，Singh 先生？ ——还行，但是当导游伸手跟我握手 的时候我有点讨厌了。根据句意可知，他讨厌的是上文提到的“tour”,故用 it 来代替，选 C。30. Happiness often comes to thosetry to help others and do something worthwhile.A whomB. whoC. whatD. which【考点】考查定语从句引导词【答案】B【解析】句意：幸福经常会给那些尽力帮助别人并且做有意义事的人。本句先行词是“those”， 指人,在从句中作主语，故选 B。Section B(18 marks) Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are 4 words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase that best fits the context.20 June 2013 Ankara， Turkey： I come from Moldova and I am now working as a UN Volunteer with theOffice of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Turkey. I have beenliving in Turkey for a few years and have had the 31 to observe the approach of theTurkish people towards 32 . In Turkey people help each other with their hearts and fromtheir hearts on a continuous basis.Young people are the main driving engine behind the ever-growing volunteer force in Turkey.For Turkish 33 people it is common to be part of some kind of organization or student club on a volunteer basis， doing various activities such as exchanges， environmental action，charity work and peer education. This trend(倾向) grew 34in the late 1990s， despite the fact that civil societyorganizations have sometimes been viewed with disbelief by some state authorities. This has 35 in the last decade， and many young people now choose to get involvedand use their spare time to develop their skills， while also showing their civic participation by36 to a cause.Perhaps this is the reason why the core of the UNV community at UNHCR Turkey is 37young people. Being a UN Volunteer with UNCHR allows us to gain the skills needed to realize our social and human development potential， but also to dedicate our time， energy and ideas tocontribute to the 38 of UNHCR’s global strategic aims.Being a UN Volunteer with UNHCR is an opportunity to make other people’s lives better.Working on refugee status determination has been an interesting and 39 learningexperience. Part of the task involves carrying out extensive research on the situation and the condition of the countries the refugees(难民) come from.Especially according to recent events in neighboring countries， and given the arrival ofrefugees and the increased time necessary to process the 40 number of applications for shelter， the contribution of UN Volunteers to UNHCR seems necessary and the impactinvaluable. I also believe that I have brought cultural diversity(多元性) to an already diverse 41 ，where true professionals and young graduates from different nations work hard side by side to42 refugees and find durable solutions for them.31. A. ability B. opportunity C. description D. permission32. A. volunteerism B. charity C. poverty D. colleague33. A. starving B. primitive C. young D. crowded34. A. particularly B. remotely C. politically D. mysteriously35. A. expanded B. added C. prohibited D. changed36. A. congratulating B. contributing C. retelling D. accustoming37. A. reminded of B. thought back to C. heading for D. made up of38. A. permission B. achievement C. celebrationD. reception39. A. worthwhileB. additional C. alternativeD. vacant40. A. fallingB. decreasing C. heatingD. rising41. A. tribeB. officeC. staffD. government42. A. protectB. driveC. obtainD . contain【考点】社会生活类—新闻报道【文章大意】主要讲述作者在联合国难民署做志愿者的所见所感，以自己的亲身经历告诉我们联合国难民署所做的有意义的事。31. 【答案】B【试题解析】联系上下文，作者从事联合国难民高级专员在土耳其生活多年，所以有机会接近了解土耳其人民的志愿服务。ability 能力；opportunity 机会；description 描述；permission 允许。根据语境，选 B。

32. 【答案】A【试题解析】解释同上。下文讲到，年轻人是土耳其日益增长的志愿部队，因此，选 A。其他三项与下文不符。volunteerism 志愿服务；charity 慈善；poverty 贫穷；colleague 同事。

33. 【答案】C【试题解析】承接上句，讲到年轻人是志愿服务的主要力量。starving 饥饿的;primitive原始的；young 年轻的；crowded 拥挤的。选 C 34. 【答案】A【试题解析】年轻人做志愿者的这种趋向在 20 世纪 90 年代末尤其增长。particularly 尤 其，特别； remotely 遥远地；politically 政治上；mysteriously 神秘地。根据语境，选 A。

35. 【答案】D【试题解析】近十年来，这种情况大有改观，年轻人介入志愿服务，学习技能，同时向着同一个目标作为公民参与奉献自己的力量。expanded 扩展； added 增加；prohibited 禁止；changed 改变。因此，选 D。

36. 【答案】B【试题解析】解释同上。Congratulating 祝贺；contributing 奉献； retelling 复述；accustoming 使习惯于。根据语境，选 B。

37. 【答案】D【试题解析】也许这就是为什么联合国难民署的核心力量是年轻人的原因。reminded of 提醒； thought back to 回忆起； heading for 前往；made up of 由……组成。

38. 【答案】B【试题解析】联系上文，作为志愿者，要求我们要学习技能，贡献自己的精力和时间致力于完成全球性的战略目标。permission 允许； achievement 完成； celebration 庆祝； reception接待。

39. 【答案】A【试题解析】联系上下文，决定在难民地区工作是个很有趣也很有意义的一件事。

Worthwhile 值得的 additional 附加的； alternative 可供选择的；vacant 空虚的。

40. 【答案】D【试题解析】联系上文，我们做有意义的事，当难民避难所减少的时候，我们帮助申请。decreasing 减少的。

41. 【答案】B【试题解析】多元化的因素带来了多变的部门组织，一个真正专业的，来自各民族的， 肩并肩共同致力于保护难民帮他们解决问题的部门。Tribe 部落； office 办公室，部； staff职员；government 政府。

42. 【答案】A【试题解析】解释同上。protect 保护； drive 驱使；obtain 获得；contain 包含。根据语 意，选 A。Section C (12 marks) Directions： Translate the following sentences into Chinese or English. My grandfather is a seventy-year-old man， and he has always been happy. Several years ago he came to live with us and 43. now he has got accustomed to the life in the city. 44.他喜欢旅行 并且去过中国很多地方。

Last month， he went to Beijing and visited the Forbidden City where the emperors once lived. 45. 他甚至梦想某一天到国外去旅游。

He says it is important to try to understand as much as possible and travel helps you do that. 46. In his youth，however，he never left his home town， let alone travelled to another country 47. 因为他得工作养活家人. He often says he would have travelled a lot if he had been rich. He wanted to study medicine， but he never got into a university. 48. He hopes I can go to a good university and get a good job in the future. Do you think my grandpa would have been as happy as he is now if he had had more education when he was growing up？ 43.【答案】现在他已经习惯了城里的生活。

44.【答案】 He likes travelling and has been to many places in China. 45.【答案】 He even dreams of travelling abroad one day. 46.【答案】然而，在他年轻的时候，他从就没有离开过家乡，更不用说去国外旅游 47.【答案】 because he had to support his family 48.【答案】他希望我能考上一所好大学， 将找到一份理想的工作。

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (30 marks) Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passages is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked with A，B，Cand D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.AAs we all know， the Dragon Boat Festival is our country’s traditional festival， but do youknow there is also a Dragon Boat Festival in South Korea， which also falls on May 5 of the lunarcalendar( 阴 历 ) ？ It has been reported that South Korea will apply to United NationsEducational， Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO 联合国教科文组织) to make thecelebration of the Dragon Boat Festival its own intangible cultural heritage (非物质的文化遗产).If successful， people from other countries may see the Dragon Festival as a Korean creation.As the birthplace of the yearly event more than 2,000 years ago， China is not happy with thesituation. “It would be a shame if another country successfully made a traditional Chinese festivalpart of its own cultural heritage ahead of China，” said Zhou Heping， deputy(副) culture minister.The Chinese Ministry of Culture is even thinking of making its own application(申请) toUNESCO， covering all traditional Chinese festivals， including the Dragon Boat event. It isthought that the festival is held in memory of the great poet Qu Yuan (340－278 BC)， who livedin the State of Chu during the Warring States Period. Qu was known to be a patriot (爱国者) andadmired by ordinary people.He is said to have jumped into Miluo River， because he had lost hope in his country’s future.When people heard about Qu’s death， they sailed up and down the river searching for his body.They also beat the drums to frighten away the fish and threw Zongzi into the water to stop the fishtouching Qu. Dragon boat racing is said to come from this search for the poet’s body.Over the years， the Dragon Boat Festival has spread throughout the world. In Japan andVietnam， as well as South Korea， the festival has mixed with and become part of the localculture.49. The Dragon Boat Festival.A. is also kept by South KoreaB. comes from South KoreaC. was created by South KoreaD. is South Korea’s cultural heritage50. What is the reaction(反应) of the Chinese Ministry of Culture to South Korea’s planningto make the Dragon Boat Festival its own cultural heritage？A. Fighting against South Korea.B. Telling South Korea it’s not right to do so.C. Considering to do the similar thing.D. Asking South Korea not to do so.51. What is the purpose of holding the Dragon Boat Festival？A. In memory of Qu Yuan.B. In memory of all the patriots of China.C. To frighten away the fish.D. In honor of QuYuan’s birthday.52. After Qu Yuan’s death， Zongzi was thrown into the water to.A. feed himB. protect his body from going badC. prevent the fish biting his body D. attract his soul53. Now， the Dragon Boat Festival has becomeactivity.A. a nationwideB. a worldwideC. an AsianD. a foreign【考点】社会文化类—说明文【文章大意】通过韩国想要把端午节申请为非物质文化遗产而引发的关于端午节的起源问题。49. 【答案】A 【试题解析】推理判断题。较易。从第一段第一句中“there is also a Dragon Boat Festival in South Korea， which also falls on May 5 of the lunar calendar。”可以推断 A 正确；B、C、D 说 法错误。

50. 【答案】C 【试题解析】细节理解题。较易。根据题干中的关键词 the Chinese Ministry of Culture 定位 原文第二段 The Chinese Ministry of Culture is even thinking of making its own application(申请) to UNESCO。可以得知，中国文化部对韩国提出的想申请非物质文化遗产的事件表示不满， 甚至考虑自己做申请。A、B、D 与原文不符。

51. 【答案】A 【试题解析】细节理解文题。较易。根据第二段最后一句“It is thought that the festival is held in memory of the great poet Qu Yuan (340－278 BC)……”可知，端午节是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原 的。In memory of 为了纪念……，故选 A。

52. 【答案】C 【试题解析】细节理解题。较易。根据题干中的关键词“zongzi”定位于文章第三段第二句“They also beat the drums to frighten away the fish and threw Zongzi into the water to stop the fish touching Qu. ”可以得知，人们像河里扔粽子是为了阻止鱼碰触屈原。故选 C。

53. 【答案】B 【试题解析】细节理解题。较易。由最后第一段可知，端午节已经发展成一个带有各国特色 的国际性节日了。nationwide 全国性的；worldwide 世界性的； Asian 亚洲的； foreign 外国； 根据文章内容，故选 B。B Tim Berners-Lee is the man who wrote the software program that led to the foundation of the World Wide Web. Britain played an important part in developing the first generation of computers. The parents of Tim Berners-Lee both worked on one of the earliest commercial (商业的) computers and talked about their work at home. As a child he would build models of computers from packing material. After graduating from Oxford University he went on to the real thing. In the 1980s， scientists were already communicating using a primitive version of e-mail. While working at a laboratory in Switzerland， Tim Berners-Lee wrote a program， which let him store these messages. This gave him another idea： write a program that will let academics(学术界人士) from across the world share information on a single place. In 1990 he wrote the HTTP and HTML programs which form the basis of the World Wide Web. The next year his programs were placed on to the Internet. Everyone was welcome to use them and improve them if they could. Programmers used this codes(密码) to work with different operating systems. New things like web browsers(浏览器) and search engines were developed. Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000. In 1994 Tim Berners-Lee formed the newly formed World Wide Web consortium(协会)， or W3C. More than 200 leading companies and laboratories are represented by W3C. Together they make sure that everyone can share equally on the web. “The Web can help people to understandthe way that others live and love. It helps us understand the humanity of people.” he says.54. From the passage， we can infer that Tim Berners-Lee is.A. British B. AmericanC. SwissD. French55. Scientists began to communicate using e-mail.A. in 1980B. after the 1980sC. before 1990 D. in the 1960s56. Tim Berners-Lee decided to write a program that would let academics from across theworld share information on a single place when.A. he was a childB. he studied in Oxford UniversityC. he formed W3C 57. Which of the following is NOT true？D. he worked at a lab in SwitzerlandA. The number of web pages rose rapidly in the 1990s. B. Tim’s programs were placed on to the Internet in 1990.C. The World Wide Web will have an effect on the social development.D. Tim Berners-Lee made a great contribution to the computer science.58. The passage is mainly about.A. when the Internet came into being C. why computers develop so rapidly 【考点】人物介绍类—记叙文B. who Tim Berners-Lee is D. how the World Wide Web started【文章大意】本文介绍了万维网的发明者蒂姆伯纳斯的经历以及如何让人们能够资源共享的过程。54. 【答案】A 【试题解析】细节推断题。较易。从第一段中“After graduating from Oxford University he went on to the real thing.”可知 Tim Berners-Lee 毕业于英国牛津大学，故推断他为英国人，选 A。

55. 【答案】C 【试题解析】细节判断题。较易。根据题干中的关键词 communicate using e-mail 定位原文 第一段第五句“In the 1980s， scientists were already communicating using a primitive version of e-mail.”。可以看出，在 20 世纪 80 年代科学家是通过原始的 e-mail 进行交流的。只有 C 项 符合这个时间段。56. 【答案】D 【试题解析】细节理解题。较易。根据第一段中的“While working at a laboratory in Switzerland， Tim Berners-Lee wrote a program， which let him store these messages. This gave him another idea，”可以得知，他是在瑞士实验室工作的时候想到这个主意的，故选 D。

57. 【答案】B【试题解析】细节判断题。中等。根据第一段最后一句和第二段第一句可知，Tim 把这 个计划放到网上是在 1991 年，而不是 1990 年，由此判断 B 项错误，选 B；由第二段的“Between 1991 and 1994 the number of web pages rose from 10 to 100,000.”可知 A 项正确；根据最后一 段，C、D 说法也是正确的。

58. 【答案】B 【试题解析】主旨大意题。中等。文章第一段引入介绍 Tim Berners-Lee，下文也是一直介绍 他对因特网的贡献，故选 B。CYou feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. If yougive and give without making time to fill your own needs， then it’s likely you will burn out， orfeel upset. When you take and take without giving anything back， you never feel a sense ofachievement，so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life.The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving so as to achieve realhappiness is to know and then live by your values. I break values up into two groups which I call“being” and “having” values. Your “being” values are the character traits(特征)of the ideal personyou would like to be. An example of some “being” values are： kind， loving， generous，inspirational， peaceful， wise and even powerful. By acting on these values， you give to othersthrough your actions and you inspire others by “being” a positive role model. Mastering “being”these character traits becomes your life purpose.Your “having” values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy. These couldbe companionship， achievement， support， “being” valued or financial security. This is whatyou receive. You take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create thesefeelings and conditions in your life.When you make a commitment to live by your “being” values， it becomes easier to makeconscious choices rather than reactionary(保守的) ones. If your usual habit is to complain aboutyour problems， you could choose to think and act like a calm person. A calm person might go fora walk， meditate(沉思)， or set a time limit before responding. If your usual pattern is to worry，you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person. In other words， you would act like theperson you choose to be—this is the key to personal power.When you choose to act on your values， you not only feel good about yourself， but youreinforce(增强)your chosen beliefs. Over time acting in this way changes how you see the world，and in turn the way other people think of you.59. The underlined word “void” in Paragraph 1 probably means.A. a feeling of emptinessB. a loss of powerC. a lack of energyD. a state of being confused60. According to the text， by acting on your own “being” values， you will.A. gain a lot of power B. fill your own needsC. seek all human virtues D. form positive personality61. Which of the following does NOT belong to your “having” values？A. Your success in the competition.B. The support from your friends.C. Your own peaceful mind.D. The friendship with others.62. What can be inferred from the text？A. “Having” values are better than “being” values.B. The way other people think of you decides who you are.C. A calm person does not choose to complain easily.D. A responsible person does not care about financial security.63. The main purpose of this passage is to.A. persuade the readers to make a commitmentB. inform the readers how to be truly happyC. explain to the readers what personal values areD. instruct the readers how to make wise choices 【考点】日常生活类—议论文 【文章大意】能够将付出与回报的关系处理好的人是最幸福的。59. 【答案】A 【试题解析】词义猜测题。中等。根据上下文，如果你不停地索要回报却从来不想着付出， 那么你永远都不会满足，这样的话你就会一辈子疲于寻找填充生活空虚的方法。a feeling of emptiness 空虚。B.无力；C.精力缺乏 D.困惑。

60. 【答案】D 【试题解析】细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句“By acting on these values, ... a positive role model”可知 D 项符合题意。

61. 【答案】C 【试题解析】细节判断题。由题干中的关键词“having” values 定位于文章第三段一二句“Your “having” values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy. These could be companionship， achievement， support， “being” valued or financial security.” 所拥有的价 值观是指你为了感到幸福而所必须的一些感受。包括友谊、成就、他人的支持、有被认同感 以及经济上的安全等。只有 C 项没有涉及到，故选 C。

62. 【答案】C 【试题解析】推理判断题。由文章第四段第三句“A calm person might go for a walk, mediate, or set a time limit before responding”可知，冷静的人是不会抱怨的。故 C 项为正确答案。

63. 【答案】B 【试题解析】主旨大意题。由第一段第一句“You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving”可知这篇文章谈论的是怎样才能获取真正的快乐。【长难句解析】The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving so as to achieve real happiness is to know and then live by your values. 【翻译】在付出与回报之间建立平衡的方法就是了解并坚持自己的价值观。

【分析】本句的主干是 The way is to know and then live by your values, to do 不定式作 the way 的后置定语。必考Ⅱ部分 Part Ⅳ Writing (50 marks) Section A (12 marks) Directions： Complete the following passage by filling in each black with one word that best fits the context. Thanksgiving is celebrated every year on the fourth Thursday of November. Some Americans attend religious services on the day before Thanksgiving， 64 on Thanksgiving morning. Others travel great distances to be with their families. They have a large dinner， 65 is the main part of the celebration. More than any 66 American holiday， Thanksgiving celebrates family and home. For many Americans， Thanksgiving is the only time when all members of a family gather together. The holiday is a time of family reunion. Thanksgiving is also a time 67 Americans share what they have with people who do 68 have as much. All across the country， thousands of groups provide Thanksgiving meals 69 older adults， poor people and the homeless. Some people spend part of the holiday helpingto prepare and serve meals. 70 becoming president， Barack Obama and his family havevolunteered one day before each Thanksgiving at 71 organization that helps the needy. 64.【答案】or 【试题解析】参加宗教仪式在感恩节前一天或者在感恩节早上。

65.【答案】which 【试题解析】非限制性定语从句，指物，用 which。

66.【答案】 other 【试题解析】其他的美国节日，other。

67.【答案】when 【试题解析】先行词 time, 在从句中做时间状语，用 when 来引导。

68.【答案】not 【试题解析】和拥有不多的人分享。

69.【答案】for 【试题解析】为老人，穷人和无家可归的人提供。

70.【答案】 Since / After 【试题解析】自从成为总统/在成为总统之后 71.【答案】an 【试题解析】organization 可数名词单数前用冠词 an。Section B (10 marks) Directions： Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information forthe passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer. When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not？Why Difficult？ When we wrong someone we know，even not intentionally，we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders，the circumstances aredifferent. The act of apology is carried out not only at the level of the individual but also at thelevel of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart，or it can be stupid. So，readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. Asuccessful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony—while an apology that is too little，too late，or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What，then，is to be done？How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly？Why Now？The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent. During the last decade or so ， the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently thanbefore. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More articles，cartoons，advice columns，and radio and television programs have similarly dealtwith the subject of private apologies. Why Bother？ Why do we apologize？Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult，embarrassing，and even risky？Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind， their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly，then，leaders should notapologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology，there needs to be a good，strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.Why Refuse？ Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize，even when a public apology seems to be in order？Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures，their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations，as we shall see，but it is a high-risk strategy.Title： When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not？Why is it so difficult to apologize publicly？ ―→·Public apology is much more than a(an)72act.·It’s no73·Apologies notjob to strike a balance between apologizing or not.74offered can bring on individual and institutional ruin.Why has the issue of public apology been so 75 now in USA？ ―→ ·In an76 ， admission of all sorts of wrongdoings is more required than before.·The77 of public apologies has been widely reported in the mass media.Why do leaders bother so much about public apologies？ ―→ ·Being public figures ，leaders are supposed to appear78 .·There needs to be a sufficient reason for a leader to79inpublic. Why do leaders often refuse to apologize publicly？ ―→ ·Making apologies is likely tobe personally uncomfortable and 80 .·Admission of a mistake or wrongdoing will probably do81to theirorganization.72.【答案】personal/individual【试题解析】根据第一段第三句“The act of apology is carried out not only at the level of theindividual but also at the level of the institution.”可知。73.【答案】easy【试题解析】第一段都在论述这个问题。74.【答案】properly/appropriately/successfully/rightly【试题解析】根据第一段倒第二句“A successful apology can turn hate into personal andorganizational harmony—while an apology that is too little，too late，or too obviously strategic canbring on individual and institutional ruin.”可知道歉是否得当关乎重大。75.【答案】urgent【试题解析】由第二段第一句话可知，填 urgent。76.【答案】apology culture【试题解析】由第二段第二句可知。77.【答案】growing importance【试题解析】由第二段第三句可知，公众道歉的影响已经被大众传媒报道。

78.【答案】strong and capable 【试题解析】根据第三段第四句“They are expected to appear strong and capable.”可知答案。

79.【答案】express apology/apologize 【试题解析】根据第三段最后一句可得知。

80.【答案】(even) professionally risky 【试题解析】根据第四段第三句“Because leaders are public figures，their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky.”可知答案。

81.【答案】damage/ harm 【试题解析】由第四段第四句“Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible.”可知答案。Section C (8 marks) Directions： Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the informationgiven in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet. If there were a literary award bigger than the Nobel Prize， Alice Muo would probably winthat，too. Muo,82，was awarded literature’s highest honor，respected by the Nobel committee as a thorough but forgiving chronicler(事件的记录者) of the human spirit.Among her best-known is The Bear Came Over the Mountain， about a woman who agreeswith her husband that she should be put in a nursing home. The narrative begins in a relatively tender， traditional mood. But we soon learn that the husband has been unfaithful and doesn’t always regret it. The wife， meanwhile， has fallen for a man at the nursing home. Muo won aNational Book Critics Circle prize in 1998 for The Love of a Good Woman and she is also a three-time winner of the Governor General’s prize， Canada’s highest literary honor.She received a scholarship to study at the University of Western Ontario， majoring in journalism， and was still an undergraduate when she sold a story to CBC radio in Canada. She dropped out to marry a fellow student， James Muo， had three children and became a full-time housewife. By her early 30s， she was so frightened and depressed that she could barely write afull sentence. Her good fortune was to open a bookstore， in 1963. Inspired by everything from theconversation of adults to simply filling out invoices(发票)，she saw her narrative talents resurface. Her first collection， Dance of the Happy Shades， came out in 1968 and won the Governor General’s prize.Her books having been sold more than 1 million copies in the U.S. alone， she has long beenan international ambassador for the short story. Critics and peers have praised her in every way a writer can be praised： the precision of her language； the perfection of detail； the surprise and logic of her storytelling； the graceful shifts of moods. So， she is the kind of writer about whom it is often said－no matter how well known she becomes—that she ought to be better known.82. What do we know about the woman’s husband in The Bear Came Over the Mountain？(No more than 10 words) (2 marks)________________________________________ 83. Why did Muo stop her study at the University of Western Ontario？ (No more than 4words) (2 marks)_______________________________ 84. What happened to Muo in 1963？ (No more than 10 words) (2 marks)_______________________________ 85. What is the main idea of the passage？ (No more than 10 words) (2 marks)_______________________________ 82.【答案】现在他已经习惯了城里的生活。

83.【答案】 He likes travelling and has been to many places in China. 84.【答案】 He even dreams of travelling abroad one day. 85.【答案】然而，在他年轻的时候，他从就没有离开过家乡，更不用说去国外旅游 Directions： Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是李华，前天是你的外国朋友 Anne 的生日。你本答应要参加她的生日聚会，但 你当时正忙着准备期末考试，不小心忘了赴约。请写封信向 Anne 表达你的歉意，说明原因， 并提出补救的方法。注意：1.词数 120 词左右； 2.文章中不得出现真实班级和姓名； 3.可适当增加内容。【考点】应用文【写作指导】本次写作任务是就写信对忘记赴约这件事道歉，属于应用文写作。

具体到本次写作，考生要先审清题目要求，确定好作文人称、时态、写作要点、段落等 基本内容。本文是一封信，因此以第一人称为主。

本文有三个要点 1．道歉；2．说明原因 3．补救方法 明确作文的基本内容后，就是选用准确的词汇和恰当的句子来表达。如要点一涉及的主 要词汇有 sorry; apologize，选用主系表的基本句式，可以是 I am indeed very sorry that 【一句多译】 1. 很高兴你能邀请我参加你的生日聚会。

①It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party. ②I’m very happy that you invite me to your birthday party.2. 我盼望着和你愉快的聊天。

①I do long for a pleasant chat with you. ②I am looking forward to chatting with you.【参考范文】 Dear Anne， I am indeed very sorry that I didn’t attend your birthday party the day before yesterday. I feelawful about it and want to apologize to you. It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party. I should have come and celebrated theprecious moment with you. But the end-of-term examination is around the corner， so I was too busy preparing for the exam that I forgot the appointment. I hope you can understand my situation and forgive me. Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting after the examination？ I do long for a pleasant chat with you.It is much to my regret that I missed the chance of such a happy get-together. Once again，please accept my sincere apology. Yours truly， Li Hua湖南师大附中 2015 届高二第一学期期末考试试题 英语参考答案1－5 BCBCC 6－10 AACCA 11－15 BBCBB 16. 1945 17. Concerns 18. Equal 19. Water for Life 20. a better world 21－25 BCABD 26－30 CDACB 31－35 BACAD 36－40 BDBAD 41－42 BA 43. 现在他已经习惯了城里的生活。

44. He likes travelling and has been to many places in China. 45. He even dreams of travelling abroad one day. 46. 然而，在他年轻的时候，他从就没有离开过家乡，更不用说去国外旅游 47. because he had to support his family 48. 他希望我能考上一所好大学， 将找到一份理想的工作。

49－53 ACACB 54－58 ACDBB 59－63 ADCCB 64. or 65. which 66. other 67. when 68. not 69. for 70. Since / After 71. an 72.personal/individual 73.easy 74.properly/appropriately/successfully/rightly 75.urgent 76.apology culture 77.growing importance 78.strong and capable 79. express apology/apologize 80. (even) professionally risky 81. damage/ harm 82. He has been unfaithful and doesn’t always regret it. 83. To marry James Muo. 84. She opened a bookstore and saw her narrative talents resurface. 85. Alice Muo： The Nobel Literature Prize Winner./ Alice Muo has received the Nobel Literature Prize./ Alice Muo， a Canadian famous writer， has received many prizes./ Alice Muo should be better known. 【参考范文】 Dear Anne， I am indeed very sorry that I didn’t attend your birthday party the day before yesterday. I feel awful about it and want to apologize to you. It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party. I should have come and celebrated the precious moment with you. But the end-of-term examination is around the corner， so I was too busy preparing for the exam that I forgot the appointment. I hope you can understand my situation and forgive me. Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting after the examination？ I do long for a pleasant chat with you. It is much to my regret that I missed the chance of such a happy get-together. Once again， please accept my sincere apology. Yours truly， Li Hua比知识你 海纳百 川，比 能力你 无人能 及，比 心理你 处变不 惊，比 信心你 自信满 满，比 体力你 精力充 沛，综 上所述 ，高考 这场比 赛你想 不赢都 难，祝 高考好 运，考 试顺利 。