中国学者在英语习得过程中的母语负迁移现象:

　　【摘 要】母语负迁移现象是指外语学习者的母语对其外语习得所产生的不良影响作用。本文旨在研究母语负迁移现象对我国学者学习英语的影响，尝试从语音语调、语法学、语用学方三个方面对此现象进行分析。
　　【关键词】母语负迁移；语音语调；语法；语用
　　According to Rod Ellis (Ellis, 1997:3-5), language transfer is a phenomenon that one’s first language will influence his second language acquisition. Language transfer can be divided into positive transfer and negative transfer (Gass & Selinker, 2001:11). Simply speaking, positive transfer means that when one learns a second language, the similarities between his mother language and the target language will be helpful in his language acquisition. While negative transfer is reverse. It provides no help in one’s second language acquisition, and even plays bad effect on it. Tom Scovel (Scovel, 2001:15) mentioned that the differences between two languages would become the difficulties in one’s second language acquisition. That is how negative transfer acts.
　　1. Negative Transfer in Phonetics and Intonation
　　Rod Ellis (Ellis, 1997:19) mentioned that language transfer in phonetics and intonation is both active and changeless. Differences in Chinese and English pronunciation and intonation may be a potential barrier in Chinese learners’ English acquisition.
　　1.1. Voiceless Consonants and Voiced Consonants
　　There are absolute differences between voiceless consonants and voiced consonants in English. But the situation is different in Chinese, so Chinese students are likely to make mistakes on English pronunciation. Take the English voiced consonant [θ] for example. It does not exist in Chinese, so Chinese students often mix it with [s], like mix the word thing with another word sing.
　　1.2. Stresses
　　In Chinese, the stress of one word is often put on the last syllable, so sometimes Chinese learners also put the stress of an English word on its last syllable. They do not notice that the places of stresses in different English words are totally different, and even for a same English word, the places of stresses can be varied with the changes of its syntactical function. For example, the stress of the English word record is put on the first syllable as a noun, but it should be put on the second syllable when it is used as a verb.
　　1.3. Long Vowels and Short Vowels
　　Long sounds and short sounds form different words in English. But there is no conception of long sounds and short sounds in Chinese. Long sound [i:] and short sound [i] are different in English, but in Chinese they are totally the same. Long sound [u:] and shout sound [u] are different in English, but in Chinese they also the make no difference. That is why Chinese English learners always mix eat with it, and mix too with to in the aspect of pronunciation.