人才培养的五种方式 社会需求导向下公共管理类本科人才培养目标的再定位

　　摘 要： 当前公共管理类本科人才培养模式不能完全适应社会需求的根本原因是培养目标与社会需求脱节。应理清学术型人才与应用创新型人才划分、应用创新型人才层次与高校类型等问题。创新公共管理类本科人才培养模式，必须以需求为导向，对培养目标进行再定位，即从社会需求出发，将当前单一学术的“h”型的培养目标转变为应用创新的“H”型公共管理类本科人才培养目标。并通过对培养规格的再定位，建立与社会需求相适应的应用创新能力结构、知识结构和素质结构，使公共管理类本科人才成为既适应政府部门，又适应非政府部门和企事业组织的应用创新型人才。
　　关键词： 人才培养目标； 社会需求； 公共管理类本科； 应用创新； 再定位
　　中图分类号： G642 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1673-9973(2012)03-0059-06
　　The Re-positioning of the Public Administration Undergraduate Talent Training Objectives with the Needs of the Social Demand-oriented
　　——Universities in Shaanxi for Example
　　CAO Ling , YANG Yu-lin , LIN Qiang
　　(The Public Administration Institution of Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China）
　　Abstract： With the investigation and literature analysis, this article finds the problems exist in the Public Management Undergraduate personnel training mode. Personnel training model cannot fully adapt to the social demand because of the talent training objectives divorced with the social demand. After discriminating division of academic talent and application of innovative talents, the application of innovation and talent level and university type, on the basis of the application of innovation and talent level and university type problems, this article proposes innovative public management class undergraduate training mode must be demand-oriented, re-positioning of the training objectives, namely, starting from the social demand, let the current single academic “h” of the training objectives into the application innovation which is called the “H” public management undergraduate training objectives. With re-positioning of train specifications, the establishment of the application of innovation and capacity compatible structure, knowledge structure and quality structure with the social demand-oriented makes the public administration undergraduate talent creative talents that can be applied not only to adapting to government departments, but also to non-governmental sectors, enterprises and organizations.
　　Key words： the talent training objectives; social demand; the public administration undergraduate; application creation; re-positioning the application of innovation; the repositioning
　　在我国工业社会向信息社会的加速转型期，公共管理类本科人才的需求出现了新的变化。从就业现状分析，一个明确的信号是现有的培养模式与社会需求存在一定的矛盾：人才培养目标无法完全适应市场，市场需要的人才又无法完全满足，因此迫切需要对我国高校公共管理类本科的人才培养模式进行反思，从社会需求、人才培养、人才主体角度探究公共管理类本科专业人才培养模式与社会需求是否一致？不一致的原因是什么？社会对公共管理类本科毕业生的需求是什么？学校本科人才培养存在的问题是什么？如何改进？对这些问题进行探索的目的，是从社会需求的角度审视现有公共管理人才培养模式的缺陷与不足，构建与社会需求相适应的公共管理类人才培养创新模式。