【早产儿视力筛查分析】早产儿视力筛查时间
[摘要] 目的 比较2~3 岁早产儿与足月儿屈光发育特点。 方法 选取2007年12月~2011年12月在本院健康体检的早产儿133例(266 眼),同期随机选取100名(200眼)足月儿作为对照组,使用Suresight视力筛查仪测量双眼屈光度,分析早产儿与足月儿屈光状态。 结果 屈光状态以远视为主,早产儿195眼,占73.3%,足月儿170眼,占85.0%;近视发生率早产儿高达4.1%(11/266),足月儿仅为1.0%(2/200);混合散光发生率早产儿为16.9%(45/266),足月儿为10.5%(21/200),差异均有统计学意义(P 均 < 0.05)。 结论 早产儿存在近视和散光的高风险。
[关键词] 早产儿;足月儿;远视;近视;散光
[中图分类号] R174 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2012)07(c)-0075-02
Screening analysis of vision in premature infants
CHEN Kai WANG Zehong YAN Donghua
The Second Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Huizhou City in Guangdong Province, Huizhou 516000, China
[Abstract] Objective To compare the refractive development characteristics between premature infants and full term infants in 2-3 years old. Methods One hundred and thirty-three premature infants (266 eyes) with healthy check-up in our hospital from December 2007 to December 2011 were chosen, 100 full term infants (200 eyes) were chosen as the control group in the same period. Refraction diopter was measured by Suresight screening instrument, refractive status were analyzed between premature infants and full term infants. Results Physiologic hypermetropia is the largest type,which were found 195 eyes ( 73.3%) in premature infants and 170 eyes (85.0%) in full term infants. The incidence rate of myopia was 4.1% (11/266) in premature infants and 1.0% (2/200) in full term infants. The incidence rate of complex astigmatism was 16.9% (45/266) in premature infants and 10.5% (21/200) in full term infants,the differences were all statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Higher risks of myopia and astigmatism are found in premature infants.
[Key words] Premature infant; Full term infant; Hypermatropia; Myopia; Astigmatism
通常认为早产儿出生时由于眼部结构特别是视网膜的发育尚未成熟,日后容易导致弱视、屈光不正、斜视等。如何判断婴儿尤其是早产儿的弱视以及早期矫正早产儿屈光异常,对预防弱视的发生和减轻弱视的程度具有十分重要的意义[1]。屈光不正的婴幼儿中有2/3会发生弱视,而弱视治疗的敏感期在2岁前[2]。如何早期了解儿童的屈光状况及其发育趋势,对于能够达到早期防治弱视的目的极其重要,而目前又尚未很好解决。到目前为止,国内外关注早产儿视网膜病变的研究已经有较多的报道,并且有许多共识。但对没有早产儿的视觉系统发育及视力发育特点及规律的研究报道很少。如何评价早产儿的视力,明确早产儿与足月儿屈光状态发育的差异是十分必要的。本研究对133例2~3岁早产儿的屈光状态进行分析,并与同期出生的足月儿作对比,现将结果报道如下:
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2007年12月~2011年12月在本院出生并在儿童保健门诊系统管理的早产儿,排除严重新生儿期疾病和各种器质性疾病,研究对象共133例(266眼)。同期随机选取相同年龄足月儿100例(200眼)作为对照组。早产儿与足月儿各组性别差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。
1.2 方法
所有入选对象均在本院儿童保健科进行儿童保健体格、生长发育及营养检查时进行视力筛查。筛查采用Suresight 视力筛查仪,筛查内容为所有入选对象的屈光度。筛查仪的测量范围为设定为球镜+6.00~-5.00 DC,柱镜 ±3.00 DS。在半暗光线下,由经过统一培训的儿童保健医师使用Suresight 视力筛查仪在自然瞳孔即非睫状肌麻痹状态下的屈光检查筛查。筛查模式选用儿童模式。屈光度异常参考标准:S表示眼的球径屈光度,2~3岁S≤-1.00或S≥3.00;C表示眼的柱径屈光度,C的绝对值≥1.00(S表示近视或远视;C表示散光)。
