中华人民共和国草原法(中英对照)_中华人民共和国草原法释义

中华人民共和国草原法

GrasslandLawofthePeople"sRepublicofChina

第一条　为了加强草原的保护、管理、建设和合理利用，保护和改善生态环境，发展现代化畜牧业，促进民族自治地方经济的繁荣，适应社会主义建设和人民生活的需要，根据中华人民共和国宪法，制定本法。

Article1.ThisLawisformulatedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheConstitutionofthePeople"sRepublicofChinawithaviewtoimprovingtheprotection,managementanddevelopmentofgrasslandsandensuringtheirrationaluse;protectingandimprovingtheecologicalenvironment;modernizinganimalhusbandry;enhancingtheprosperityofthelocaleconomiesofthenationalautonomousareas;andmeetingtheneedsofsocialistconstructionandthepeople"slife.

第二条　本法适用于我国境内的一切草原，包括草山、草地。

Article2.ThisLawshallbeapplicabletoallgrasslandswithintheterritoryofChina,includinghillsandlandscoveredwithgrass.

第三条　国务院农牧业部门主管全国的草原管理工作，县级以上地方人民政府农牧业部门主管本行政区域内的草原管理工作。

Article3.ThedepartmentoffarmingandanimalhusbandryundertheStateCouncilshallbeinchargeofadministrationconcerningthegrasslandsinthewholecountry.Thedepartmentsoffarmingandanimalhusbandryofthelocalpeople"sgovernmentsatthecountylevelandaboveshallbeinchargeofadministrationconcerningthegrasslandsintheirrespectiveadministrativeareas.

第四条　草原属于国家所有，即全民所有，由法律规定属于集体所有的草原除外。

Article4.Thegrasslandsareownedbythestate,thatis,bythewholepeople,withtheexceptionofthegrasslandsthatareownedbycollectivesinaccordancewiththelaw.

全民所有的草原，可以固定给集体长期使用。全民所有的草原、集体所有的草原和集体长期固定使用的全民所有的草原，可以由集体或者个人承包从事畜牧业生产。

Grasslandsunderownershipbythewholepeoplemaybeassignedtocollectivesforlong-termuse.Grasslandsunderownershipbythewholepeople,thoseundercollectiveownership,andthoseunderownershipbythewholepeoplethatareassignedtocollectivesforlong-termusemaybecontractedbycollectivesorindividualsforpursuitsinanimalhusbandry.

全民所有制单位使用的草原，由县级以上地方人民政府登记造册，核发证书，确认使用权。集体所有的草原和集体长期固定使用的全民所有的草原，由县级人民政府登记造册，核发证书，确认所有权或者使用权。

Withrespecttograsslandsusedbyunitsunderownershipbythewholepeople,thelocalpeople"sgovernmentsatthecountyleveloraboveshallregistersuchgrasslands,issuecertificatestothesaidunitsafterverificationandthusestablishtheirrighttousesuchgrasslands.Withrespecttograsslandsundercollectiveownershipandthoseunderownershipbythewholepeoplethatareassignedtocollectivesforlong-termuse,thelocalpeople"sgovernmentsatthecountylevelshallregistersuchgrasslands,issuecertificatestothecollectivesafterverificationandthusestablishtheirrightofownershipofthegrasslandsortheirrighttousethem.

草原的所有权和使用权受法律保护，任何单位和个人不得侵犯。

Therighttoownorusegrasslandsshallbeprotectedbylawandmaynotbeinfringeduponbyanyunitorindividual.

第五条　遇有自然灾害等特殊情况，需要临时调剂使用草原的，按照自愿、互利的原则，由双方协商解决；需要跨县临时调剂使用草原的，由有关县级人民政府组织协商解决。

Article5.Ifthereisaneedfortemporaryadjustmentsintheuseofgrasslandsunderspecialcircumstances,suchasintheeventofnaturaldisasters,themattershallbesettledbythepartiesconcernedthroughnegotiationontheprinciplesofvoluntarinessandmutualbenefit.Wherethereisaneedfortemporaryadjustmentsintheuseofgrasslandsthatcrossthebordersofdifferentcounties,thecountypeople"sgovernmentsconcernedshallsponsornegotiationsforthesettlementofthematter.

第六条　草原所有权和使用权的争议，由当事人本着互谅互让、有利团结的精神协商解决；协商不成的，由人民政府处理。

Article6.Disputesovertherightofownershipofgrasslandsortherighttousethemshallbesettledbythepartiesconcernedthroughnegotiationontheprincipleofmutualunderstandingandmutualaccommodationintheinterestofunity.Ifnoagreementcanbereachedthroughsuchnegotiation,thedisputesshallbehandledbythepeople"sgovernments.

全民所有制单位之间、集体所有制单位之间以及全民所有制单位与集体所有制单位之间的草原所有权和使用权的争议，由县级以上人民政府处理。

Disputesovertherightofownershipofgrasslandsortherighttousethemthatarisebetweenunitsunderownershipbythewholepeople,betweenunitsundercollectiveownershiporbetweenunitsunderownershipbythewholepeopleandthoseundercollectiveownershipshallbehandledbythepeople"sgovernmentsatthecountylevelorabove.

个人之间、个人与全民所有制单位或者集体所有制单位之间的草原使用权的争议，由乡级或者县级人民政府处理。

Disputesovertherighttousegrasslandsthatarisebetweenindividuals,betweenindividualsandunitsunderownershipbythewholepeopleorbetweenindividualsandunitsundercollectiveownershipshallbehandledbythepeople"sgovernmentsatthetownshiporcountylevel.

当事人对有关人民政府的处理决定不服的，可以在接到通知之日起一个月内，向人民法院起诉。

Ifthepartiesconcerneddisagreewiththedecisionmadebythepeople"sgovernment,theymayfileasuitinapeople"scourtwithinonemonthaftertheyhavebeeninformedofthedecision.

在草原权属争议解决以前，任何一方不得破坏草原和草原上的设施。

Pendingthesettlementofadispute,noneofthepartiesconcernedmaydestroytheresourcesofthegrasslandsinquestionorthefacilitiestherein.

第七条　国家建设征用集体所有的草原，按照《国家建设征用土地条例》的规定办理。

Article7.WhengrasslandsownedbycollectivesaretoberequisitionedforstateconstructionthemattershallbehandledinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheRegulationsConcerningLandRequisitionforStateConstruction.

国家建设使用集体长期固定使用的全民所有的草原，参照《国家建设征用土地条例》的规定，给予适当补偿，并妥善安置牧民的生产和生活。

Ifgrasslandsunderownershipbythewholepeoplethatareassignedtocollectivesforlong-termusearetobeusedforstateconstruction,duecompensationshallbepaidtothecollectivesconcernedandproperarrangementsmadefortheproductivepursuitsandlivelihoodofherdsmenwithreferencetotheprovisionsoftheRegulationsConcerningLandRequisitionforStateConstruction.

国家建设在民族自治地方征用或者使用草原，应当照顾民族自治地方的利益，作出有利于民族自治地方经济建设的安排。

Ifgrasslandsinnationalautonomousareasaretoberequisitionedorusedforstateconstruction,dueconsiderationshallbegiventotheinterestsofthenationalautonomousareasandarrangementsmadeinfavouroftheeconomicdevelopmentofthoseareas.

国家建设临时使用草原，按照《国家建设征用土地条例》的规定办理。使用期满，用地单位应当恢复草原植被。

ThetemporaryuseofgrasslandsforstateconstructionshallbeeffectedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheRegulationsConcerningLandRequisitionforStateConstruction.Whentheperiodofuseexpires,theunitthathasusedthegrasslandsshallrestorethegrasslandvegetation.

第八条　地方各级人民政府负责组织本行政区域内的草原资源普查，制定草原畜牧业发展规划并纳入国民经济发展计划，加强草原的保护、建设和合理利用，提高草原的载畜能力。

Article8.Thelocalpeople"sgovernmentsatvariouslevelsshallberesponsibleforconductinggeneralsurveysofgrasslandresourceswithintheirrespectiveadministrativeareasandformulatingplansforthedevelopmentofanimalhusbandry,whichshallbeincorporatedintotheplansfornationaleconomicdevelopment,inordertoimprovetheprotectionofthegrasslands,promotetheirdevelopmentandensuretheirrationaluse,andincreasethecapacityforraisinglivestockonthegrasslands.

第九条　国家鼓励草原畜牧业科学研究，提高草原畜牧业的科学技术水平。

Article9.Thestateshallencouragescientificresearchinanimalhusbandryonthegrasslandsinordertoraisethescientificandtechnologicallevelinthisfieldofendeavour.

国家鼓励在农、林、牧区和城镇种草，促进畜牧业的发展，改善生态环境。

Thestateshallencouragethegrowingofgrassinfarming,forestryandpastoralareasandincitiesandtownssoastopromotethedevelopmentofanimalhusbandryandimprovetheecologicalenvironment.

国家保护草原的生态环境，防治污染。

Thestateshallprotecttheecologicalenvironmentofthegrasslands,topreventandcontrolpollution.

第十条　严格保护草原植被，禁止开垦和破坏。草原使用者进行少量开垦，必须经县级以上地方人民政府批准。已经开垦并造成草原沙化或者严重水土流失的，县级以上地方人民政府应当限期封闭，责令恢复植被，退耕还牧。

Article10.Rigorousmeasuresshallbeadoptedtoprotectthevegetationofthegrasslands;landreclamationanddestructionofgrasslandsshallbeprohibited.Reclamationoflimitedstretchesofgrasslandbyusersofsuchlandmustbeapprovedbythelocalpeople"sgovernmentsatthecountylevelorabove.Wherelandreclamationhasalreadycausedaridityorserioussoilerosion,thelocalpeople"sgovernmentsatthecountyleveloraboveshallclosetheareaforalimitedtimeandorderthereclaimerstorestorethevegetationanddeferfarmingforareturntoanimalhusbandry.

第十一条　在草原上割灌木、挖药材、挖野生植物、刮碱土、拉肥土等，必须经草原使用者同意，报乡级或者县级人民政府批准，在指定的范围内进行，并做到随挖随填，保留一部分植物的母株。

Article11.Personswhowishtocutshrubs,digmedicinalherbsorwildplantsonthegrasslands,scrapealkalineearthoffthegrasslandsormoveawayfertilesoilmustsecuretheagreementoftheusersofthegrasslandsandtheapprovalofthepeople"sgovernmentsatthetownshiporcountylevel;theymustoperatewithinthedesignatedareas,filltheholesinthegroundimmediatelyafterdiggingandkeeppartofthemotherplantsintact.

禁止在荒漠草原、半荒漠草原和沙化地区砍挖灌木、药材及其他固沙植物。未经县级人民政府批准，不得采集草原上的珍稀野生植物。

Cuttingordiggingshrubs,medicinalherbsorothersand-fixationplantsondesertorsemi-desertgrasslandsorinaridareasshallbeprohibited.Noonemaycollectrareandpreciouswildplantsfromthegrasslandswithouttheapprovalofapeople"sgovernmentatthecountylevel.

第十二条　合理使用草原，防止过量放牧。因过量放牧造成草原沙化、退化、水土流失的，草原使用者应当调整放牧强度，补种牧草，恢复植被。对已经建成的人工草场应当加强管理，合理经营，科学利用，防止退化。

Article12.Grasslandsshallbeusedrationallyandovergrazingprevented.Wherearidity,degenerationorsoilerosionoccursasaresultofovergrazing,usersofthegrasslandsshallberequiredtoreducegrazingandresowforagegrasssoastorestorevegetation.Whereman-madegrasslandshavealreadybeenestablished,extracontrolshallbeadministered;theyshallberationallymanagedandusedinascientificway,soastopreventdegeneration.

第十三条　地方各级人民政府应当采取措施，防治草原鼠虫害，保护捕食鼠虫的益鸟益兽。

Article13.Thelocalpeople"sgovernmentsatvariouslevelsshalltakemeasurestocombatgrasslandpestsandmiceandprotectthosebeneficialanimalsandbirdsthatfeedonpestsandmice.

第十四条　地方各级人民政府应当采取措施，防治草原地区牲畜疫病和人畜共患疾病。

Article14.Thelocalpeople"sgovernmentsatvariouslevelsshalltakemeasurestopreventandtreatendemicdiseasesamonglivestockanddiseasescontractedcommonlybybothhumanbeingsandlivestockingrasslandareas.

猎捕草原野生动物，应当严格遵守当地人民政府关于预防疫病流行的有关规定。

Huntersofwildanimalsonthegrasslandsshallberequiredtoobservestrictlytheregulationsofthelocalpeople"sgovernmentsconcerningthepreventionofepidemicdiseases.

第十五条　机动车辆在草原上行驶，应当注意保护草原；有固定公路线的，不得离开固定的公路线行驶。

Article15.Motorvehicledriversshalltakecaretoprotectthegrasslandswhendrivingacrossthem.Wherethereareregularhighways,vehiclesmaynotdeviatefromthem.

收购牲畜应当按指定的路线赶运和放牧，不得与牧民争用牧场和水源。

Purchasersofdomesticanimalsshalldriveandgrazethemalongdesignatedroutesandmaynotcontendwithherdsmenovergrazinggroundsorwaterresources.

第十六条　加强草原防火工作，贯彻“预防为主，防消结合”的方针，建立防火责任制，制定草原防火制度和公约，规定草原防火期。在草原防火期间，应当采取安全措施，严格管理。发生草原火灾，应当迅速组织群众扑灭，查明火灾原因和损失情况，及时处理。

Article16.Effortsshallbestrengthenedtopreventfiresonthegrasslands,implementingtheprincipleof"putpreventionfirstandcombinepreventionwithelimination."Aresponsibilitysystemforfirepreventionshallbeinstituted.Firepreventionrulesandpledgesshallbeformulatedandspecificperiodsshallbedesignatedforfirepreventiononthegrasslands.Duringthoseperiods,safetymeasuresshallbeadoptedandrigorouslyadministered.Whenagrasslandfirepeaksout,massesofpeopleshouldbeorganizedpromptlytoputitout,thecauseofthefireandthelossessustainedshouldbedeterminedthroughinvestigationandthecaseshouldbehandledwithoutdelay.

第十七条　在保护、管理和建设草原、发展草原畜牧业等方面成绩显著的单位或者个人，由各级人民政府给予精神的或者物质的奖励。

Article17.Unitsorindividualsthathaveachievedoutstandingsuccessinprotecting,managinganddevelopingthegrasslandsorindevelopinganimalhusbandryonthegrasslandsshallbegivencommendationormaterialawardsbythelocalpeople"sgovernmentsatvariouslevels.

第十八条　草原所有权、使用权受到侵犯的，被侵权人可以请求县级以上地方人民政府农牧业部门处理。有关农牧业部门有权责令侵权人停止侵权行为，赔偿损失。被侵权人也可以直接向人民法院起诉。

Article18.Whenaperson"srightofownershipofgrasslandsorhisrighttousethemhasbeeninfringedupon,hemayapplyforsettlementtothefarmingandanimalhusbandrydepartmentofthelocalpeople"sgovernmentatthecountylevelorabove.Thefarmingandanimalhusbandrydepartmentconcernedshallhavethepowertoordertheinfringingpartytostopsuchinfringementandcompensateforthelossessustainedbythevictim.Thevictimmayalsodirectlyfileasuitinapeople"scourt.

第十九条　违反本法规定开垦草原的，县级以上地方人民政府农牧业部门有权责令停止开垦，恢复植被；情节严重的，还可以处以罚款。

Article19.Thefarmingandanimalhusbandrydepartmentsofthelocalpeople"sgovernmentsatthecountyleveloraboveshallhavethepowertoorderanyonewhoreclaimsgrasslandinviolationoftheprovisionsofthisLawtostopreclaimingitandrestorevegetation;afinemaybeimposedinseriouscases.

第二十条　违反本法规定在草原上砍挖固沙植物和其他野生植物或者采土，致使草原植被遭受破坏的，乡级人民政府或者县级人民政府农牧业部门有权制止，并责令恢复植被，赔偿损失；情节严重的，还可以处以罚款。

Article20.Ifanyonedamagesthevegetationofthegrasslandsbycuttingordiggingsand-fixationplantsorotherwildplantsorbymovingawaysoilinviolationoftheprovisionsofthisLaw,thepeople"sgovernmentsatthetownshiplevelandthefarmingandanimalhusbandrydepartmentsofthepeople"sgovernmentsatthecountylevelshallhavethepowertostophimandorderhimtorestorethevegetationandcompensateforthelosses.Afinemaybeimposedinseriouscases.

第二十一条　当事人对有关地方人民政府农牧业部门或者乡级人民政府作出的罚款或者赔偿损失的决定不服的，可以在接到通知之日起一个月内，向人民法院起诉；对有关罚款的决定，期满不起诉又不履行的，有关地方人民政府农牧业部门或者乡级人民政府可以申请人民法院强制执行。

Article21.Ifapartyconcerneddisagreeswiththedecisiononafineorcompensationasmadebytherelevantfarmingandanimalhusbandrydepartmentofalocalpeople"sgovernmentorbyapeople"sgovernmentatthetownshiplevel,itmayfileasuitinapeople"scourtwithinonemonthofbeinginformedofthedecision.Ifupontheexpirationoftheperiodapartyconcernedhasneitherfiledasuitnorobeyedthedecisionbypayingthefine,therelevantfarmingandanimalhusbandrydepartmentofthelocalpeople"sgovernmentorthepeople"sgovernmentatthetownshiplevelmayrequestthepeople"scourtforcompulsoryexecution.

第二十二条　国务院农牧业部门根据本法制定实施细则，报国务院批准后施行。

Article22.ThefarmingandanimalhusbandrydepartmentundertheStateCouncilshall,inaccordancewiththisLaw,formulaterulesforitsimplementationandshallsubmitthemtotheStateCouncilforapprovalbeforetheyareputintoeffect.

自治区、省的人民代表大会常务委员会可以根据宪法和本法规定的原则，结合本地方的特点，制定实施细则，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。

Thestandingcommitteesofthepeople"scongressesofautonomousregionsandprovincesmayformulaterulesfortheimplementationofthisLawinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheConstitutionandtheprincipleslaiddowninthisLawandinthelightofthecharacteristicsoftheirrespectivelocalities,andtheyshallsubmittherulestotheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople"sCongressfortherecord.

第二十三条　本法自１９８５年１０月１日起施行。

Article23.ThisLawshallcomeintoforceasofOctober1,1985.