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芽苗菜最关键技术【斑点叉尾鮰苗种健康培育关键技术研究】

发布时间:2019-06-11 11:00:36 影响了:

  摘要:斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)苗种培育分为三个环节,对苗种培育池塘条件、生态环境因素、营养饵料及投喂方式、放养密度、饲养管理方式等进行了试验研究。结果表明,仔鱼流水池暂养适宜面积约为12 m2、放养密度在10 000尾/m2以下,采用浮游动物与蛋白质含量40%的配合饵料相结合的方式进行投喂;夏花苗种培育适宜池塘面积1 400~2 533 m2,放养密度45.0尾/m2;大规格鱼种池塘培育的第一阶段适宜池塘面积约为3 333 m2,放养密度12.00~15.00尾/m2,投喂蛋白质含量36%~38%的配合饵料,第二阶段适宜池塘面积约为6 667 m2,放养密度6.00~6.75尾/m2,投喂蛋白质含量36%的配合饵料;大规格鱼种网箱培育第一阶段适宜网箱面积20~25 m2,放养密度1 000尾/m2,投喂蛋白质含量36%~38%的配合饵料;第二阶段网箱面积以30~33 m2为宜,放养密度500尾/m2,投喂蛋白质含量36%的配合饵料。
  关键词:斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus);饲养条件;放养密度;成活率;营养饵料
  中图分类号:S965.199 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2012)15-3276-06
  Research on Key Techniques of Health Nursing for Channel Catfish Fingerling
  CAI yan-zhi1,LEI Xiao-zhong1,WANG Liang1,YANG De-zhong2,WANG Hong-ye1,ZHANG Juan1,
  ZHOU hua3,SHI Tie-peng3
  (1. Fisheries Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China; 2. Dayan Lake National Level Channel Catfish Well-bred Farm of Jiayu County, Jiayu 437200, Hubei, China; 3. Wuhan Coland Feed Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430073,China)
  Abstract:The key factors, including pool condition, ecological environmental condition, nurtitional diet, feeding, stocking density and management, were studied in three health nursing stages of channel catfish. For temporary culturing of catfish, the suitable flow pool area was 12 m2; stocking density was 10 000 ind./m2; and the proper feeding was zooplankton mixing commercial food with 40% proteins. For larval culturing, the suitable pool area was 1 400~2 533 m2, stocking density at 45.0 ind./m2. For first stage of large size fingerling pool culturing, the suitable pool area was 3 333 m2, stocking density at 12.00~15.00 ind./m2, and feeding commercial food with 36%~38% proteins. For second stage of large size fingerling pool culturing, the suitable pool area was 6 667 m2, stocking density at 6.00~6.75 ind./m2, and feeding commercial food with 36% proteins. For first stage of large size fingerling net cage culturing, the suitable area was 20~25 m2, stocking density at 1 000 ind./m2, and feeding commercial food with 36%~38% proteins. For second stage of large size fingerling net cage culturing, the suitable area was 30~33 m2, stocking density at 500 ind./m2, and feeding commercial food with 36% proteins.
  Key words:Ictalurus punctatus; feeding conditions; stocking density; survival rate; nutritional diet
  斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)隶属于鲶形目(Siluriformes)鮰科(Ictaluridae),是原产于北美洲的一种淡水养殖及加工的优质鱼类品种。我国于1984年首次由湖北省水产科学研究所从美国引进后,对其生物学特性、生态环境、繁殖技术、营养饵料、饲养技术、鱼片加工等进行了一系列的研究。自1987年斑点叉尾鮰在我国首次人工繁殖成功后,已推广到全国20多个省、市、自治区的淡水和咸淡水(盐度8‰以下)中饲养,形成了斑点叉尾鮰苗种繁育至鱼片加工出口的规模化产业,并取得了较大的社会效益和经济效益。但是斑点叉尾鮰形成产业化生产后,在商品鱼饲养过程中出现了生长率、抗病力及饵料转换率等下降的现象,对斑点叉尾鮰养殖业的持续发展产生了不利的影响。出现上述现象主要是由于斑点叉尾鮰苗种繁殖与培育技术不规范,表现为在养殖过程中出现仔鱼暂养开食未投喂生物饵料、饵料营养不符合苗种发育的需求、放养密度过大、苗种培育技术操作及管理不规范等,从而导致苗种质量下降。2006~2009年在湖北省嘉鱼县大岩湖国家级斑点叉尾鮰良种场的池塘及黄梅县永安水库、丹江口水库的网箱中进行斑点叉尾鮰苗种培育试验研究,对苗种培育池塘条件、生态环境因素、营养饵料及投喂方式、放养密度、饲养管理方式等进行研究,为斑点叉尾鮰苗种培育技术规范的制定以及生产应用提供科学依据。

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