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高考英语复习方法之七选五阅读填空题解读

发布时间:2019-02-08 03:34:13 影响了:

  继宁夏海南卷采用七选五阅读填空题之后,2009年辽宁卷也采用了该题型,近两年全国课标卷、北京卷也相继采用此题型。为了帮助广大考生更好地了解该题型,笔者结合近两年高考试题对七选五阅读填空题特点进行简要的分析并提供一些应试及备考策略。
  一.命题要求
  试题模式为:给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章,对应有七个选项,要求同学们根据文章结构、内容,选出正确的句子,填入相应的空白处,从而将原文恢复成一篇完整的文章。空缺可能会出现在一个段落的首、尾或者中间部分也可能会空缺整个段落。。由于给出了的选项中个别选项间区分度不大,试题的难度较常规阅读试题有所增加,而且会出现由于一处误选导致多处问题的后果。
   《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。这一部分主要考查考生的逻辑思维能力,考查的重点在文章的结构上,需要考生具有较强的逻辑思维、想象、判断、推理和整合的能力。它要求考生不但要有扎实的语言基本功,而且要有较强的逻辑思维能力。
  二.命题特点
  1.选材特点:一般为280―300词左右的说明文、记叙文或议论文。
  2.设空特点:设空类型一般有标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、概括总结类及其他类。
  3.该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除,例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构,注释性句子与上文脱节等。
  三.解题方法
  根据该题型的上述特点,我们结合2011年新课标卷七选五试题,谈一谈考生可采用的办法。
  第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)(2011年高考英语新课标卷)
  根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处得最佳选项,有两项为多余选项。
  Money Matters
  Parents should help their children understand money. _____71_______ So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.
  1. The basic function of money
  Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员). ______72_______When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.
  2. Money lessons
  Approach money lessons with openness and honesty.____73________ If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”
  3._____74________
  Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product---a name-brand butter and a generic(无商标产品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. ____75_______ If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.
  A.Wise decisions
  B.The value of money
  C.Permit the child to choose between them.
  D.Tell your child why he can---or cannot---have certain things.
  E.Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.
  F.Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.
  G.The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.
   答案:71.G 72.F 73.D 74.A 75.C
  解答七选五阅读有以下三个解题策略:
  1.理顺文章结构层次。如2010年新课标卷七选五阅读材料的结构为:标题+正文。正文部分结构为:引子+3个指南。每个指南均由子标题和说明组成。由此可知71空为第一层次;74空为最后一段的子标题,此为第二层次;72空、73空和75空为段落内部层次,为第三层次。
  2.捕捉语篇信息。语篇信息可能来自上文,也可能来自下文,还可能来自上文和下文的综合信息。72题的信息就来自上文,与标题钱的基本功能一致。71、73、和74的信息就来自下文。71题G项与下一句So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example. 相吻合。 73题D项与下文一致:If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now.” 74题根据内容You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. A项Wise decisions (明智的判断 )就是比较好的答案。75题则需要同时考虑上文和下文的信息
  3. 关注过渡性词语,把握语篇中的逻辑关系。如一些表示转折的连词,but, However, yet, though, nevertheless等,另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and, also, as well as, neither nor, either or, not only ...but also, on one hand ....on the other hand等。由于这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系,通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。
  四.真题回顾
  第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分) (2010年新课标卷)
  根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
  Q & A
  Question:I have recently got a senior position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting,I presented and then opened the floor to questions。 71 My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later,I realized that I shouldn"t have felt that way. But how can I keep cool and effectively answer questions in this type of settings?
  Answer:Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers(同事) is a hard task in itself,and it becomes much more difficult when a question-¬and-¬answer period is required. Question-¬and¬-answer periods are a great way to clarify the message and strengthen key points. 72
  ● 73
  When a person is asking a question,show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.
  ●Buy time.
  When facing a hard question,most people can"t give an answer immediately. Buy time by repeating the question in your own words. 74 These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question.
  ●Suggest a private meeting.
  A one¬on¬one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers. 75
  A.Show your true interest.
  B.Restate the question with respect.
  C.Some ideas can be quite concrete
  D.There were many difficult questions.
  E.It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas.
  F.You may also ask for clarification on the question.
  G.Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.
   答案:71.D 72.C 73.A74.F 75.E
  【解析】本文为一篇说明文,文章由“一问一答”组成,解答篇有“导语和三个要点”构成文章讨论的是在公司会议上如何沉着冷静地、有效地回答提问。
  71.D承上启下型。根据上句“then opened the floor to questions”可知,D合适。
  72.C概括总结型。本段为开篇语,解答者先是总体上回答咨询者的问题,接着才是具体的建议或对策。G有一定的干扰性,但接下来的三个要点不是对下一次会议的具体的建议,G不太合适。
  73.A主题型。本空为第一个要点,根据要点下的解释语中的“show interest and a desire”可知选A。
  74.F承上启下型。上句讲的是通过重复问题来赢得时间,下句主语“These techniques”,显然该空是介绍另一个技巧,B、E和F与此关联。但B与上句方法重复,可排除。
  75.E语篇拓展型。本段讲得是“建议召开一个闭门会议”,上句讲的是召开闭门会议的好处之一,E讲的也是召开闭门会议的好处,是对最后一个要点“Suggest a private meeting.”的进一步展开。
  五.应试策略
  1、考生需要通过文章的标题、副标题进行预测,判断文章的大意。
  2、考生需要略读文章的内容,判断文章的结构特点并把握文章的脉络。
  3、浏览抽出的几个段落/句子,获取主题信息和基本句意,这些段落/句子可能对文章中上下文起到说明、论证、举例、对比、递进的作用。
  4、考生需要仔细阅读全文,尤其是空白段前后的句子,利用语言的特点和句子间的逻辑关系发现线索,包括并列关系、递进关系、时间关系、空间关系、因果关系、对比关系、转折关系、列举关系、条件关系和选择关系这十大关系来选择正确答案。
  5、考生需要敏感地发现语法关系,例如下文中代词的指代、信息词的重复、不同时态的使用、名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较级等。这些都是上下文的契合点与连接点,是语言的逻辑线索,能够帮助考生合理地选择正确答案。
  6.研究多余选项,确定排除理由,最终确定答案。
  六.备考策略
  1、注重质量。在平时的阅读训练中要做大量的练习来锻炼自己识别一系列语言手段及语言线索的能力。
  2、注重实效。 在做这类题时,考生应该对空白段落前后的信息和观点加以注意,同时要注意全文的整体内容。
  3、注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词、同样的名字或同样的日期都在原文或节选段落中同时出现,就认为它们是正确的选择,应该再合适上下文以确保最终的选择能使文章前后符合逻辑。在全部选择完成之后,通读全文以确保各段首尾内容一致,逻辑缜密。
  4.注重速度。进行限时训练。平时训练要有实战观念,不可拖拖沓沓。

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