社区早期口服双歧杆菌对过敏性疾病患儿的干预效果分析:双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊
[摘要] 目的 探讨社区早期口服双歧杆菌干预婴幼儿过敏性疾病的疗效。 方法 选取本社区有过敏史的3岁以下的新生儿100例，经父母知情同意后，按随机的方法分为两组：双歧杆菌组50例，在母乳或混合喂养时添加双歧杆菌四联活菌，服6个月。对照组50例，在母乳或混合喂养时未添加任何微生态制剂。患儿在治疗6个月后来院随访过敏症状，检测并比较IgG抗体阳性率及IgE抗体水平。 结果 湿疹、过敏性腹泻及鼻炎发病率在双歧杆菌组较对照组明显降低，双歧杆菌组较对照组IgG抗体阳性率及IgE抗体水平低，差异均有统计学意义（均P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 在社区，针对婴幼儿过敏性疾病开展早期口服双歧杆菌干预有一定疗效，能降低婴幼儿常见过敏性疾病的发病率。
[关键词] 双歧杆菌；过敏性疾病；婴幼儿；IgG 抗体；IgE抗体
[中图分类号] R725.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2012）07（c）-0060-02
Analysis on the effects of early administration of bifidobacteria for children with allergic diseases in community
CEN Lijun
The Emerging Community Health Service Center of Second People"s Hospital of Futian District in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518000,China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the efficacy of early administration of bifidobacteria for infants and young children with allergic diseases in community. Methods After parental informed consent, 100 infants under 3 with a history of hypersensitivity were divided into two groups randomly: 50 infants in bifidobacterium group were given quadruple Bifidobacterium with breast milk or mixed feeding viable for 6 months. 50 infants in the control group were given breast milk or mixed feeding viable without any probiotics. After a six-months′-treatment, clinical allergy symptoms, IgG antibody positive rate and the level of IgE antibodies were detected and compared. Results The incidences of eczema, allergic diarrhea and rhinitis in the bifidobacterium group were significantly lower than that of bifidobacteria group; the differences of IgE antibodies and IgG antibody positive rate in two groups were all statistically significant (all P < 0.05）. Conclusion In the community, administration of Bifidobacterium early to prevent allergic diseases among infants and young children has a certain effect, which can reduce the incidence of common allergic diseases of infants and young children.
[Key words] Bifidobacteria; Allergic diseases; Infants and young children; IgG antibodies; IgE antibodies
过敏性疾病是一种由基因与环境因素相互作用而诱发的多因素疾病，从新生儿到老年人的各个年龄阶段都可能发生，往往具有明显的遗传倾向。过敏性疾病中，以速发型过敏反应比较常见，其主要类型有皮肤过敏反应、呼吸道过敏反应、消化道过敏反应及过敏性休克等[1]。近年来，随着全球经济的发展，儿童各种过敏疾病的发病率明显上升，目前儿童过敏性鼻炎的患病率已达7.5%，0～14岁儿童哮喘患病率为1.56%。小儿过敏性疾病的发生与其免疫形成初始化过程有关。一般情况下，机体肠道含有一定量的菌群，主要参与生物拮抗、营养吸收与代谢、免疫应答调节等。肠道菌群失衡可导致启动炎症反应，机体的保护功能削弱，发生变态反应的几率上升。目前，大量的研究结果已经表明：益生菌可降低肠道通透性，增强肠道特异性IgA反应，还有助于提高肠道屏障功能，使在过敏人群中发生改变的肠道微生态环境恢复正常，因此，益生菌可以作为预防过敏性疾病的主要手段[2]。基于此，本文对本社区100例有过敏史的婴幼儿口服双歧杆菌6个月，随访观察其对婴幼儿过敏性疾病的效果，现报道如下：