【医务人员锐器伤的分析与防护对策】 医务人员锐器伤防护
【摘要】 目的：对医务人员锐器伤进行分析，探讨发生原因及预防措施。方法：对2006-2009年笔者所在医院54例锐器伤的登记报告进行统计分析。结果：工龄低于5年的工作人员发生锐器伤所占比例最高，占87.1%；发生锐器伤人群中护士比例居首位，高达72.2%，其次是实习护生14.8%，医生9.3%；致锐器伤的操作环节以拔除针头时和输液结束拔除针头后处理过程中发生率最高，分别为64.8%和12.9%，其次是抽血和套回针帽发生率，分别为5.6%，手术缝合皮肤和处理医疗废物时发生率分别为3.7%。结论：加强医务人员职业安全教育，提高安全防护意识，规范操作流程，建立健全锐器伤上报制度，定时跟踪随访，保障医务人员身心健康。
【关键词】 医务人员； 锐器伤； 防护
Analysis and the Preventive Measures on Medical Personnel’s Sharp Injuries/JIANG Ai-ying，YAN Li，CHEN Wei-ping.//Medical Innovation of China，2012，9(25):143-144
【Abstract】 Objective:To analysis the cause of medical personnel’s sharp injuries，and investigate the preventive measures.Method:From 2006 to 2009，54 cases of sharp injuries of the registry in our hospital were investigated through statistical analysis.Result:The staff who service less than 5 years have the highest percentage(87.1%)of the medical personnel’s investigated;And among the medical personnel’s investigated，the nurse get the leading position(72.2%)，the next is the practical nurse(14.8%);Most sharp injuries (64.8%)were caused by pulling out the syringe needles，12.9% of sharp injuries were caused by disposing the needles after infusion，5.6% were caused by letting blood，and who setting back needle have the same percentage(5.6%);3.7% were caused by suturing the skin，and who treating medical waste have the same percentage(3.7%).Conclusion:The current important topic is to strengthen the medical personnel occupation safety education，improving safety awareness，standard operation procedure，establish reporting system，regular follow-up，protection of physical and mental health of medical staff.
【Key words】 Medical personnel; Sharp injury; Prevention measures
First-author’s address:Affiliated Xinhui Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine University，Jiangmen 529100，China
doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2012.25.087 医疗护理工作中被锐器刺伤的职业伤害可引起医务人员的血源性职业暴露，且护士和医师的概率较高，据WHO报道，医院工作人员中乙型肝炎的感染率比一般居民高3～6倍，严重威胁医务人员的安全与健康。而锐器伤及污染的针头是导致医务人员发生血源性传播疾病最主要的职业因素。笔者所在医院自2006-2009年开始对医务人员锐器伤后要登记“医疗锐器伤登记表”上报。现对上报的54例医务人员锐器伤的情况分析如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 2006-2009年共上报登记表54份，女49例，男5例，其中工龄≤5年47例(87.1%)，工龄>5年7例(12.9%)。病房33例(61.1%)，急诊科、治疗室各6例(11.1%)，损伤人员还分布在手术室4例、门诊3例、注射室1例、医疗废物储存室1例。
1.2 方法 受伤者经过紧急的局部处理后，填写两份《医务人员锐器伤个案登记表》上报医院预防保健科，预防保健科对54例个案登记资料整理分析。
2 结果
2.1 锐器伤在医务人员中的分布见表1。
表1 锐器伤在医务人员中的分布
医务人员 人数(例) 构成比(%)
护士 39 72.2
医师 5 9.3
实习护生 8 14.8
护工 2 3.7
合计 54 100
2.2 导致锐器伤种类构成见表2。