糖尿病的健康教育需求【糖尿病患者的健康教育需求及精神卫生状况研究】

　　[摘要] 目的 探讨糖尿病患者的健康教育需求及精神卫生状况。 方法 将我院2009年1月～2010年12月期间治疗的110例糖尿病患者作为研究组，采用自行设计的健康教育需求问卷判定糖尿病患者的健康教育需求情况，精神症状自评量表用于患者的精神卫生状况评价。另选择100例健康体检者作为对照组，进行精神症状自评量表调查。结果 研究组90.0%的患者既往糖尿病知识来自书籍、广播，48.2%的患者认为社区护士可以为其提供糖尿病健康教育，遇到糖尿病健康问题时有85.5%的患者咨询社区医务人员，90.9%患者需要固定的社区护士为其服务。两组精神卫生状况：与对照组比较，研究组患者强迫、人际敏感、躯体化、焦虑、敌对、偏执、抑郁、恐怖等症状因子的得分均较高，差异有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 糖尿病患者的健康教育需求较高，精神卫生状况较差。强调健康教育的连续性和完整性，改善患者精神卫生状况在糖尿病社区综合防治中具有重要意义。
　　[关键词] 糖尿病；健康教育；精神卫生
　　[中图分类号] R587.1 [文献标识码] C [文章编号] 1673-7210（2012）07（b）-0117-02
　　Research on health education demand and mental health status of diabetic patients
　　HUANG Yinghuai LU Jianxin SHA Pingying
　　Henggang People"s Hospital of Longgang District in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518115, China
　　[Abstract] Objective To investigate the health education demand and mental health status of diabetic patients. Methods 110 cases of diabetic patients treated in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2010 were selected as the study group. Another 100 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. In the study group, self-designed health education demand questionnaires and SCL-90 were used to evaluate health education demand condition and mental health status of diabetic patients. In control group, SCL-90 was also used. Results In the study group 90.0% of diabetic patients obtained knowledge of diabetes mellitus from books and broadcast. 48.2% of diabetic patients considered community nurses could offer health education of diabetes. When they had diabetic health problems, 85.5% of patients admitted they would consult with community health workers. 90.9% of patients needed regular community nurses serve them. Mental health status were compared between the two groups. Compared with the control group, scores of symptoms factors such as compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, somatization, anxiety, hostility, stubbornness, depression and terror in the study group were higher, with significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion Health education demand of diabetic patients is high and their mental health status is poor. Continuity and integrity of health education and improvement of mental health status are significant for diabetic comprehensive prevention and treatment in communities.
　　[Key words] Diabetes mellitus; Health education; Mental health
　　糖尿病（diabetes mellitus，DM）是一种常见的代谢性疾病，主要由于胰岛素绝对或相对不足或者靶细胞对胰岛素敏感性降低引起蛋白质、脂肪、糖和水、电解质代谢紊乱，以血糖增高为特征主要表现[1]，作为一组多因性疾病，对糖尿病知识的掌握和心理社会因素与糖尿病的病情发展有密切联系[2]。本研究通过对糖尿病患者的健康教育需求和精神卫生状况进行了调查，以期为糖尿病社区综合防治提供依据，现报道如下：