英语学科能力体系 [在英语学科训练体系中提高教师的能力与素质]

　　一、试题评价与分析 　　 　　例题一：―How old is your little sister? （调研测试题第二题中第4题） 　　―. We had a special party for herbirthday last Saturday.
　　A. Nine, ninthB. Nine, nine C. Ninth, ninth
　　 (Answer: A)
　　评价与分析： 此题注重对英语基础知识的考查(基数词和序数词的用法) 。它关注学生的学习经验和兴趣，精选终身学习必备的基础知识和基本技能，有利于各种程度的学生都能考出自己的实际水平，体现了试卷难易适度的原则。同时，学生掌握好基数词和序数词的用法，对他们今后学习时间、日期的表达很有帮助。
　　例题二：― What’s your favorite ________? （道外区英语试卷第27题）
　　―Oranges.
　　A. colorB. fruitC. juice（Answer: B）
　　评价与分析：该题重点考查学生对词汇orange基本词义的理解。Orange有3个意思：桔子、桔色、桔子汁。学生通过注意其名词复数的形式，确定本题意思为“桔子”，从而确定题意是问水果，故选B。该题的考查体现了基础性及知识性，同时也提醒教师在平时的教学中，要重视对基础词汇多义性的讲解，并给予适当的知识拓宽。
　　例题三： ―Do you know Harbin will hold the 24th World Winter University Games?
　　―Oh, really?What _______good news it is！ （南岗区英语试卷第21题）
　　A. aB. the C. / （Answer: C）
　　评价与分析：冠词是初中阶段出现频率较高的一个考点。感叹句的用法在八年级上册Unit 3 Topic 2 What sweet music!用一个话题的容量让学生领会掌握。而本题很好地把冠词和感叹句结合到一起。不用冠词的场合之一就是冠词不放在不可数名词前。而这一点又可以在感叹句的句型What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语中得到验证。本题也把2009年哈尔滨将举办第24届世界冬季大学生运动会这一时事在不知不觉中传递给学生。
　　例题四：Which sign means “recycling”? （香坊区调研测试第二题第34题）
　　
　　评价与分析：本题能够促进英语课程内容与社会、与学生实际生活之间的联系，这也是新课标对教学的要求之一。通过对身边的图示观察，让学生了解“循环利用”的标志，有利于培养学生的环保意识。同时，这两道题（例题三、例题四）都紧贴现实生活和实践，与学生联系密切。
　　例题五：The earth is our home, we must take good care of it. This 1 to keep the land, air and water clean. But 2 is a serious problem. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution appears in 3 forms. We can see it, smell it and drink it. Pollution is beginning to do 4 to our health and even to our life.
　　Man has been polluting the earth from the time when he first made his fire. Pollution is caused by washing his clothes in the river and throwing his rubbish on the ground, too. Long, long ago, the problem was not so 5 because there were not so many people. There are more and more people in the world. From last century, man had 6 the world more and more and the environment was 7worse and worse.
　　Talking about pollution, we once only meant air pollution. It is true that air pollution is still the most dangerous now, but it is only one kind of pollutions. For example,8 using poison, we have polluted the land and killed the fish and so on.
　　The 9 people there are, the more rubbish there will be. In my opinion, if we want to stop pollution, we should keep the population 10 growing too fast. If so, our life will become better and better.（调研测试题完形填空）
　　() 1.A.mean B.meansC.meant
　　() 2.A.pollution B.airC.water
　　() 3.A.littleB.much C.many
　　() 4.A.harm B.harms C.harming
　　() 5.A.importantB.serious C.helpful
　　() 6.A.polluteB.pollutingC.polluted
　　() 7.A.gettingB.gotC.get
本文为全文原貌 未安装PDF浏览器用户请先下载安装 原版全文 　　() 8.A.inB.onC.by
　　() 9.A.the mostB.moreC.most
　　() 10.A. with B.forC.from
　　(Answers： 1.B2. A3. C4. A5. B6. C7. A8. C9.B10.C)
　　评价与分析：这是一篇科普文章。此题开篇点明主题，即：地球是我们的家园，必须照顾好它。接下来谈了当今的社会热点：环境污染问题。通过阅读此篇文章，让学生明白了一个道理――应该从小保护环境。它不仅能考查学生对词汇、词组、语法、句型和常识逻辑等语言基础知识的掌握和正确使用语法知识的能力，而且也考查了学生的阅读理解能力、推理和情景等方面综合理解和运用语言的能力。此题从知识点考查上来说包含了动词、名词、介词、副词及其时态、短语do harm to, keep from doing等用法。要求学生在掌握这些基础知识的同时，还要从语篇层次上把握语言材料。对语言知识判断、推理等方面能力进行全方位的测试。充分体现了考查的知识点多，综合性强的特点。
　　例题六：道外区测试题（八）书面表达A。根据汉语提示写5句话，在世界环境日到来之际，某校八年一班的学生以环保为话题，谈论自己经常做哪些保护环境的事情。下面是部分同学的发言摘记。请根据表格提供的信息写5句话，要求用上所有的信息，不同的句式并表明自己的观点。
　　Name Activity
　　Zhang Hua Clean all the garbage from the street
　　WeiFang Celebrate Earth Day by planting trees
　　LiuChang Doing the three R’s
　　I …
　　96.
　　97.
　　98.
　　99.
　　100.（答案：略）
　　评价与分析：本题通过语境的创设，使枯燥的语法知识考查变得亲切、平和，同时注重学生在真实情景中正确使用语言的能力,具有开放性和探究性。题目要求学生发表自己的观点，这样就扩大了学生思维探究的空间，激发了学生的兴趣，发挥了学生的学习潜能，使得学生在实际运用中提高综合运用语言的能力。
　　二、试题创编
　　创编题一：This is an1boy.2 name is Bill. He is3.He is a good friend of4.We are in No.2 Middle School.5teacher’s name is Li Yang. She is a woman.6 is a good teacher and teaches7English. We all like8. Bill is good 9 English. He often 10me with my English.
　　1.A. AmericanB. AmericaC .USA
　　2 A. He B. Her C. His
　　3.A. twoB. twelveC. twenty
　　4.A. me B. my C. mine
　　5.A. WeB. OurC. Ours
　　6.A. SheB. Her C. Hers
　　7.A. we B. usC. our
　　8.A. sheB. hers C. her
　　9.A. at B. with C. in
　　10.A. help B. helping C. helps
　　创编说明: 初中生对人称代词4种形式的应用是一个教学难点，学生对其用法常常混淆，故创编此题。其中第2、4、5、6、7、8题分别是对人称代词的主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词进行考查，弄清楚他们的用法和区别，有助于学生对人称代词四种形式的掌握。
　　创编题二：交际英语――从方框中选择适当的选项补全对话
　　Jane: Hello!
　　Tom:Hi, Jane 1
　　Jane: Yes, 2
　　Tom:3 Would you like to go the West Hill for a picnic?
　　Jane: 4
　　Tom: 5
　　Jane: Sure, I will call her.
　　Tom: Do not forget to bring your guitar.
　　Jane: All right. See you then.
　　Tom: See you.
　　A. Are you free this Sunday?
　　B. Please tell Mary about it.
　　C. This is Tom speaking.
　　D. What is up?
　　E. Oh, I would love to.
　　F. Are you Jane?
　　G. Who are you?
　　 （Answer: 1C, 2D, 3A, 4E, 5B）
　　创编说明：交际英语是初中英语教学的一个重要方面，许多学生把英语当成知识来学。实际上，英语是门应用学科，学的目的是为了应用。在西方国家中，用电话进行交流是常用的交际手段之一。在英语中，这种交流有着独自的特征。而中国学生往往受汉语影响，讲的中式英语，有时会造成不必要的误解，故创编此题。
　　创编题三: Tom with his classmates ______ an English lesson now.
本文为全文原貌 未安装PDF浏览器用户请先下载安装 原版全文 　　 A. have B. are havingC. is having （Answer: C）
　　比较原题：Maria and her classmates ______ volleyball.
　　A. is playingB. are playing C. playing (Answer: B)
　　创编说明：英语中要求主谓一致。原题中的主语为Maria and her classmates，并列主语中间用连词and 连接，为复数，故动词用复数。而创编题的主语为Tom， 尽管后面接了一个with 短语做修饰语，真正的主语还是Tom，所以动词仍需用单数，此类题型学生常常出错，所以要让学生多做练习，形成这种语言运用的能力。
　　创编题四: ―How many girls went to Russia?
　　 ―_________________. (Answer：None)
　　创编说明: Nobody，No one， None， Nothing这4个不定代词经常在测试卷中出现，学生却常常把它们弄混。None后可接of短语，可指人，也可指物，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。回答How many/How much 引导的特殊疑问句。No one 只能指人，后不接of短语，谓语动词只能用单数，回答Who引导的特殊疑问句。Nothing什么也没有，回答What 引导的特殊疑问句。Nobody表示没人。 针对此题可以对4个词进行详细讲解，以使学生区分记忆。
　　
　　三、反思矫正题
　　
　　反思矫正题一：本次阿城区调研测试中得分率最低的题是任务型阅读，得分率为50%。 从答卷情况来看，学生对语法知识掌握的不扎实。针对这种情况，笔者对本学期学习的短文The Sound of Music进行创编，作为反思矫正题。
　　任务型阅读：
　　先阅读短文，然后根据要求及所给语境完成两列4项任务。
　　livedie belone America
　　A
　　The Sound of Music is one of the most poplar1movies. It is a story about a young woman2in Austria. Her name was Maria. She went to the Von Trapp family to care for seven children.
　　Mrs. Von Trapp3, and the family4very sad and tired. The children cried and shouted every day. The father was5 and often became angry because of the noisy children.
　　B
　　Maria taught the children to sing lively songs and perform short, funny plays to cheer themselves up. The father was almost mad at first, but the smiling faces of his children pleased him and made him happy again.
　　任务一、用所给单词的正确形式填空：
　　1. _________2. _________3.__________
　　4._________5._________
　　任务二、单词释义：
　　1. p to do something to amuse people.
　　2. m ill in the mind.
　　任务三、同义句转换：
　　The father was lonely and often became angry because of the noisy children.
　　The father was lonely and often became the noisy children.
　　任务四、 根据短文内容简答问题：
　　Was the father happy or sad at last?
　　
　　 (Answers:任务一： 1.American2.living3.died 4.were5.lonely；任务二： 1.perform 2.mad；任务三： angry with；任务四： Happy )
　　在教学中，若能将所学的阅读短文改编成任务型阅读的形式让学生去做，学生的能力会很快地提高。
　　反思矫正题二：针对学生在阿城统考试卷中完形填空失分较多这一情况，我们在今后的教学中应加大对完形填空的训练，培养学生的答题能力，综合分析能力。在此我们挑选了一道难度适中的完形填空题让学生练习。希望通过对这道题的讲解，使学生掌握完形填空的基本做法，同时也希望对学生在学习英语词汇，训练听说能力方面，有所帮助。
　　完形填空：
　　When learning new vocabulary, don’t just memorize (记住) a list of words. Instead, try to1five sentences using each new word. Then use the new word as often as you can2day you learn it. This3you will remember new words much longer.Practicing sounds, you know, is,4 the “th” sound for example. Choose words that begin 5“th” and repeat them over and over again6you are comfortable with them. Let’s try! This, that, those, them, think, thought through, thin, thick ...
　　Read，read, read in English, of course! Reading is one of the best ways to increase your vocabulary7improve your grammar in a natural and fun way. Be 8to choose topics or books you are interested in.
本文为全文原貌 未安装PDF浏览器用户请先下载安装 原版全文 　　When someone is talking in English,9the main point. If you hear a word you don"t understand, ignore it and go on listening. If you stop and think about the word, you will 10 everything else the person is saying.
　　Always remember―Practice makes perfect.
　　( )1.A.sayB. makeC. remember
　　( )2.A.the first B. the secondC. each
　　( )3.A.dayB. time C. way
　　( )4.A.difficult B. terrible C. funny
　　( )5.A.with B. from C. at
　　()6.A.whenB. after C. until
　　( )7.A.and B. so C. or
　　( )8.A.quickB. sureC. important
　　( )9.A.look forB. seeC. listen for
　　( )10.A.miss B. guessC. get
　　(Answers：1. B2.A3.C4.A5.A6. C7A8.B9.C10.A详细分析略)
　　对学生完形填空能力的培养是对学生英语学习综合素质的培养，它涉及到听说读写的各个方面，除英语水平的提高外，解题技巧也需注意。
　　反思矫正题三：初中英语中的书面表达，对学生来讲是一个难题。写作能力的培养应从基本的写句子开始。写句子应包括：造句、句型操练、时态翻译、话题说明等。下面是针对怎样过节的话题训练。
　　亲爱的同学们，节日即将来临，你想怎样度过呢？下面是几个学生的打算，请你根据表格的信息用不同的句式写出5个句子。要求用上所有的信息并表明自己的观点。
　　Name Plans
　　Maria Play football
　　Michael Visit the Great Wall
　　Jane and Tom Fly Kites
　　I …
　　( The Answers for reference: 1.Maria is going to play football with her friends；2.Michael will visit the Great Wall with his parents；3.Jane and Tom would like to fly kites in the park.；4.I plan to stay home and do my homework；5.I think different students have different things to do. )
　　若能让学生每天写5个句子，坚持下去，一定会有收获。以上是我们此次交流活动的一些作法和粗浅体会，目的在于抛砖引玉，敬请各位专家、同仁指正。
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