人埋在废墟中如何维持生命【当自然暴露出野性，生命在废墟中飘零】

　　2008年5月12日14点28分，四川汶川，一场里氏8.0级的地震袭来。无数生命在那一刻永远逝去，许多曾经美丽安宁的村庄顿时变成了一片片惨不忍睹的废墟…… 　　灾难面前，我们感受着生命的渺小和脆弱，更惊叹于生命的伟大和神奇。灾难让我们懂得：活着真好！灾难更让我们思考：怎样才能活得有意义？――珍惜拥有，努力活得充实精彩！
　　亲爱的读者们，当你们看到这篇文章时，距离地震发生已经过去了两个多月。都说时间能够慢慢抚平创伤，但愿这篇文章不会再次刺痛那些正在愈合的“伤口”。因为选择直面可怕的灾难，为的是学会更加坚强勇敢地面对生活，进而创建更美好的家园！
　　心手相连，我们永远在一起！
　　――Maisie
　　
　　The doctor told the 10-year-old boy his legs would have to be 2)sawed off. Although trapped in rubble, the boy refused. “If you have to cut off my legs, I want to die,” he said. “I don’t want to live without my legs.”
　　The doctor promised the boy he would try his best to save him some other way. Six hours later, rescue workers 3)pried the boy loose. They put him in an ambulance. The boy’s heart stopped three times on the two-hour drive from this mountain town(Beichuan) down to the city of Mianyang. Each time, the doctors managed to restart it. Then they reached the hospital. There, while the boy was 4)sedated, the doctors cut off his legs.
　　“When he woke up and realized he no longer had his legs, he didn’t cry,” Jiang Zelong, a 19-year-old volunteer who had accompanied the rescue team, told me later. “When he felt pain, he held my hand tight, so tight, and he never shouted out.”
　　Over the last two weeks, while I was reporting on the earthquake that has killed at least 56,000 people and left 5 million others homeless in this rural 5)swath of southwest China, I heard a constant 6)refrain from my friends and colleagues: This can’t possibly compare to what you saw in Iraq.
　　I left Baghdad almost a year ago after a long 7)tour there. I then spent some months studying Mandarin in 8)Vermont and Taiwan. It was enough time away from work and in 9)bucolic places to allow me to think that when I landed in Beijing in late April to start my new assignment, I had put behind me much of the ugliness of the war: 10)morgues filled with corpses 11)shredded by 12)shrapnel, 13)mosques demolished by suicide 14)car bombs, the fear of random death that kept people caged in their homes.
　　Then came the 15)tremor at 2:28 p.m. on May 12. In the following days, making my way through the towns hardest hit by the quake and hearing stories from people like the rescuer Mr. Jiang, I realized that whatever violence people unleash on each other, the 16)wrathful face of nature can be just as cold and lethal and 17)implacable. It too can force ordinary people to confront horrific scenes and to take on the terrible task of 18)triage―deciding who can be saved and who must be 19)consigned to the dead.
　　Beichuan was once a town of 22,000. It is nestled in a river valley between two mountains, and 20)electric-green rice fields line the roads radiating from it.
　　The quake lasted minutes at most, but it left half the town 21)smothered by landslides, swallowing people, cars and entire buildings. 22)Boulders the size of 23)sedans rained down from the mountainsides and crushed residents rushing from their homes. One thousand children were trapped in a middle school collapse.
　　The earthquake placed China on a wartime 24)footing. The afternoon I 25)rode up to Beichuan in the back of a 26)flatbed lorry, three helicopters buzzed overhead while 27)convoys of army trucks passed us. Entire tent villages had sprung up on the sides of the road, some housing the soldiers who would be working here for weeks or months, the others sheltering the thousands of refugees who had hiked, 28)hobbled and crawled from the wreckage of Beichuan.
本文为全文原貌 未安装PDF浏览器用户请先下载安装 原版全文 　　“I saw bodies all the way here,” said Li Yalan, a 24-year-old computer specialist now sleeping on blankets with her family in a stadium in Mianyang. “I made my way on top of the bodies. On the night of the earthquake, because the rescue teams didn’t come, parents used flashlights to search for their children. I saw people being rescued, but because they were bleeding so heavily, I watched them die right in front of me.”
　　The lorry dropped us off near the 29)debris of the middle school. No one knew for certain whether any of the children were still alive. No one had time to dwell on it. The area had become a 30)staging post for thousands of rescue workers in hard hats and orange suits, and soldiers from the People’s Liberation Army. It felt like downtown Manhattan after the Sept. 11 attacks.
　　The soldiers, teenagers really, stood at
　　31)attention while being sprayed with 32)dis-infectant. Few had ever seen a dead body before. They marched off with shovels and 33)pickaxes into a town 34)littered with thousands of corpses.
　　Thousands would probably never be found in Beichuan and the neighboring villages. In Iraq, I had seen single buildings―a mosque, a hotel, an army 35)outpost―flattened by car bombs or missiles. In this town, it was block after block of buildings, all leveled, all grave sites. Red paper lanterns fluttered from the crumbled 36)facade of one restaurant. Atop piles of rubble were photo albums and baby 37)strollers and a pink teddy bear.
　　Li Yingbi had seen his share of crime scenes and fatal accidents in 24 years of 38)forensics work, but he shook his head when trying to describe what he felt while in Beichuan.
　　“I can’t say; it’s too complicated,” he said. “We have to go on, and we have to be strong and determined.”
　　
　　
　　
　　
　　医生告诉一个10岁男孩，要想获救必须锯掉他的双腿。尽管困在瓦砾堆中，男孩却不同意。“如果一定要锯掉我的腿，我宁愿去死，”他说，“我不想没有双腿地活着。”
　　医生保证会尽自己最大的努力，用其他的方法把他救出来。6个小时后，救援人员终于将男孩从瓦砾里救出，送上了救护车。从山城北川到绵阳市区的两个小时车程中，男孩的心脏三次停止跳动，每次医生都把他抢救了过来。几经波折终于到达医院，在那里，医生给男孩注射了镇定剂，帮他做了截肢手术。
　　“当他醒来发现自己永远地失去了双腿时，他没有哭，”一直跟着救援队的一名志愿者――19岁的蒋泽龙（音译）后来告诉我，“他觉得痛的时候，就紧紧地抓着我的手，死命地抓着，却从来没有叫过一声。”
　　过去的两周，我都在追踪报道地震新闻，这场地震已经造成中国西南部农村至少56000人丧生，500万人无家可归。我不断地听到朋友和同事们说：这种惨烈程度和你在伊拉克所见到的不能相提并论吧。
　　我差不多于1年前结束了在巴格达的长期采访任务，并离开了那里。然后，我在美国佛蒙特州和中国台湾学习了几个月的普通话，有了充裕的时间远离工作，过着田园式的平静生活。4月底到达北京开始新任务时，我认为自己已经忘记了战争的丑陋：停满了被榴散弹撕成碎片的尸体的太平间，被自杀式汽车炸弹夷为平地的清真寺，因为对随时可能来临的死亡的恐惧而将自己“囚禁”在家中的平民。
　　5月12日下午2点28分，地震来袭。随后几天，我在受灾最严重的乡镇间穿梭，听人们（比如救助者蒋先生）讲述灾难发生时的一个个故事。我认识到，无论人类之间的自相残杀是如何残酷，大自然残暴的一面却是集冷酷、毁灭性和不可抗拒于一体。它还会迫使普通人不得不面对恐怖的灾难现场，进行可怕的两难选择――决定哪些人有希望获救，哪些人又注定被交付给死神。
　　北川曾经是一个有22000人口的小县城。它坐落在两座大山之间的河谷中，绿油油的稻田镶嵌在公路两旁，并向四面延伸。
　　地震最多只持续了几分钟，可是崩塌的山体吞没了人、汽车和一幢幢的房子，并将半个县城变成了死城。轿车般大小的巨石沿着山坡如急雨般坠落，把从家中逃出来的居民砸得粉身碎骨。1000名孩子被掩埋在坍塌的中学教学楼里。
　　地震使中国陷入了战时状态。我坐着一辆平板货车进入北川的那天下午，三架直升机在头顶上盘旋，运输军队的卡车川流不息。路旁出现了完全由帐篷组建的村庄，一些帐篷里住着将要在这里工作几周甚至几个月的士兵，其他的则住着几千名难民，他们一路跌跌撞撞，终于从近乎成了废墟的北川徒步跋涉至此。
　　“一路上，我看见到处都是尸体，”24岁的计算机专家李亚兰（音译）说，她与家人此时正睡在绵阳体育馆安置点的毯子上。“我从他们身体上跨过去。地震发生的当天晚上，因为救援队还没到，父母们打着手电筒寻找自己的孩子。我看见有人被救出来，但因为失血过多，只能眼睁睁地看着他们在我面前死去。”
　　卡车在靠近中学废墟的地方把我们放下。没人确切地知道是否仍有学生活着。没人有时间在此停留。这里已经变成了几千名戴着安全帽穿着橙色制服的救援人员和人民解放军的补给站。这里就像是“9•11”袭击后的曼哈顿市区。
　　那些士兵们都还只是十几岁的青少年，正立正着接受喷雾消毒。之前，他们中很少人见过尸体。现在，他们却要扛着铁镐和铁铲，在这个散落着几千具尸体的小城中挺进。
　　在北川和周围的村庄，几千名逝者的遗体可能永远也找不到了。我在伊拉克看过单个建筑，譬如，一座清真寺，一家旅馆，一个军队哨卡，被汽车炸弹或是导弹完全摧毁。可是，在这个小城，一片片的建筑群都被夷为了平地，变成了一座座坟墓。一家已经支离破碎的餐馆门前，几只大红纸灯笼随风摇曳。在瓦砾堆的顶部，你总能发现一些相册，几辆婴儿车或是一只粉红色的泰迪玩具熊。
　　李英碧（音译），24年的法医生涯早让他习惯了各种凶杀和重大事故现场，但是，当他试着描述在北川的感受时，他摇了摇头。
　　“我说不出来，太复杂了，”他说，“我们必须坚持下去，我们必须坚强，必须有坚定的信念。”
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