金平区农民癌症相关知识的调查|癌症相关知识

　　[摘要] 目的 通过对金平区农民癌症预防知识和态度、行为的调查，为癌症的预防与干预提供基础资料。 方法 采用自编调查问卷，对1 050名农民肿瘤相关知识和态度、行为进行问卷调查。 结果 金平区农民对癌症的病因、诱因有较好的认识，对癌症信号认知率最高为赘生物突然增大或破溃不愈（65.6%），癌症预防行为认知率最高的是不吸烟（80.8%）。93.2%的农民认为癌症预防非常重要；88.0%农民愿意接受防癌健康教育；93.1%农民要求政府应加大环境污染的治理力度。 结论 政府应将癌症防治健康教育、健康促进纳入初级卫生保健，开展多形式、卓有成效的防癌科普教育，提高农民防癌意识，加大环境污染的治理力度，做好癌症的“三早”防治。
　　[关健词] 癌症；农民；卫生保健调查；预防
　　[中图分类号] R730.1 [文献标识码] C [文章编号] 1673-7210（2012）07（a）-0117-03
　　Investigation of cancer related knowledge in Jinping district peasants
　　LAI Zerui1 ZHANG Jieyi2 LAI Xiyu3 QIU Weili4
　　1.The Third People"s Hospital of Jinping District in Shantou City, Guangdong Province, Shantou 515061, China; 2.The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University School of Medicine, Guangdong Province, Shantou 515041, China; 3.The Second People"s Hospital of Shantou City, Guangdong Province, Shantou 515031; 4.Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University School of Medicine, Guangdong Province, Shantou 515041, China
　　[Abstract] Objective To investigate the cancer prevention knowledge, attitude, behavior in Jinping district peasants, in order to provide base data for cancer prevention and intervention. Methods Self-design questionnaire was adopted to investigate the cancer related knowledge, attitude, action among 1 050 peasants. Results Jinping district peasants" cognition of pathogenesis and incentive of cancer was good. The highest recognition rate of cancer signal was neoplasm suddenly increase or rupture (65.6%). The highest recognition rate of cancer prevention behavior was non-smoking (80.8%). 93.2% of peasants considered cancer prevention was very important; 88.0% of peasants were willing to accept cancer health education; 93.1% of peasants asked the government should strengthen regulation of environmental pollution. Conclusion Government should integrate health education, health promotion into the primary health care, develop multiform, effective anti-cancer popular science education, improve peasants" cancer awareness, strengthen regulation of environmental pollution and do well in the "three early" prevention and treatment of cancer.
　　[Key words] Cancer; Peasant; Health care survey; Prevention
　　作为全球最大的发展中国家，从20世纪70年代以来，我国的癌症发病率及死亡率一直呈明显的上升趋势。第三次全国死因回顾调查表明，中国城乡居民的癌症死亡率在过去30年中增长了八成以上，目前每4～5名死亡的中国人中就有1名死于癌症[1]。而且，农村癌症死亡率的上升速度明显高于城市，癌症高发地区也多在农村。由于大多数癌症患者到中、晚期才被发现，治疗效果尚不满意，其不良预后也给患者及其家庭带来了沉重的负担，因此，癌症防治已成为我国的卫生战略重点之一。为了解汕头市金平区农民对癌症预防知识和态度、行为的基本情况，笔者于2011年4 ～10月进行了调查，以期为癌症的预防与干预提供必要的基础材料。