基层行政管理人员压力_基层预防医学人员职业压力和社会支持与工作满意度关系的探讨

　　[摘要] 目的 了解基层预防医学工作者职业压力和社会支持与工作满意度的关系。 方法 采用横断面调查设计和方便抽样的方法抽取广东省某地497名基层预防医学工作者作为研究对象，通过自填式调查问卷收集人口社会学特征、职业史、职业压力、社会支持和工作满意度等相关信息，应用相关分析和多元逐步回归分析职业压力和社会支持与工作满意度的关系。 结果 在控制年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育程度等潜在混杂因素后，多因素回归分析发现，感受到“回报”的压力与工作满意呈显著负关联（B=-0.079），获得的工作支持（B = 0.053）、上级支持（B = 0.076）和同事支持（B = 0.063）与工作满意程度显著正关联，其中，职业压力对工作满意度方程的贡献为13.9%，社会支持的贡献为18.0%。 结论 职业压力和社会支持是影响基层预防医学工作者工作满意度的重要因素。
　　[关键词] 职业压力；社会支持；工作满意度；预防医学工作者
　　[中图分类号] R192.6 [文献标识码] C [文章编号] 1673-7210（2012）07（a）-0121-03
　　Exploration of relationship between occupational stress, social support and job satisfaction of primary preventative medicine personnel
　　GUO Yu HAN Suqing XU Yinghong
　　Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zengcheng City, Guangdong Province, Zengcheng 511300, China
　　[Abstract] Objective To understand the relationship between occupational stress, social support and job satisfaction of primary preventative medicine personnel. Methods The cross-sectional survey design and convenience sampling method were used to sample 497 primary preventative medicine workers in some area of Guangdong province as the study subjects. Sociodemographic characteristics, occupational history, occupational stress, social support, job satisfaction and other related information were collected by the self-administered questionnaire. The correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between occupational stress, social support and job satisfaction. Results After controlling of age, sex, marital status, educational level and other potential confounding factors, the multifactor regression analysis was performed. The results showed that experience of "return" stress had significantly negative correlation to job satisfaction (B=-0.079), however, obtained work support (B=0.053), superior support (B=0.076) and colleague support (B=0.063) had significantly positive correlation to job satisfaction, among which occupational stress contributed 13.9% to job satisfaction equation and social support contributed 18.0%. Conclusion Occupational stress and social support are important factors affecting the job satisfaction of primary preventative medicine workers.
　　[Key words] Occupational stress; Social support; Job satisfaction; Preventive medicine workers
　　既往国内有关卫生医务工作者工作满意度研究多以临床医生和护士为研究对象[1-6]，而有关疾病预防工作者的研究较少，特别是基层疾病预防工作人员。然而，基层疾病预防工作者所承受的工作压力和职业风险并不比临床医生和护士低，特别是在遇到**爆发流行、H1N1甲型流感流行等突发公共卫生事件时，其承受的心理压力和工作负荷更大，由此导致基层疾病预防工作人员对工作的满意度降低。因此，有必要开展基层预防医学工作人员的职业压力及其工作满意度的影响研究，为制订提高工作满意度的措施提供参考依据。为此，笔者以广东省某地基层预防医学工作者为调查对象开展这方面内容的调查，现总结报道如下：