高中英语书面表达典型错误_英语书面表达中的典型错误例析
英语书面表达是反映同学们英语运用水平的重要环节,本人在高考阅卷后的感受就是:考生的英语写作能力还有待于大幅度地提高。为此,笔者仅以考生书面表达中出现的典型错误为例,进行归纳和分析,并结合自己的教学实践提出一些个人的应对策略,希望对大家有些帮助和启发。
1. 今天我很早就起床了。
误: Today I get up very early.
析:从语境分析,“起床”应该是在说话之前,故应该用一般过去时态。
正: Today I got up very early.
2. 他一直步行到海滩。
误: He walked as far as to the beach.
析: as far as已含有“远至某地”的意思,因此as far as之后不必再加介词to。
正: He walked as far as the beach.
3. 当你走进去时,你就会看见许多放满了不同学科书籍的书架。
误: When you got inside, you will see many shelves full of books of different subjects.
析:当主句为一般将来时的时候,时间状语从句中的动词应用一般现在时态。
正: When you get inside, you will see many shelves full of books of different subjects.
4. 他坐在桌旁。
误: He seated at the desk.
析: seat作动词时是及物动词,后面要跟宾语,即seat sb/oneself, 而sit为不及物动词。
正: He seated himself at the desk. /He was seated at the desk. /He sat at the desk.
5. 我的钱包丢了。
误: My wallet lost.
析: lose是及物动词,钱包应该是“被丢了”,所以要用被动语态。
正: My wallet is lost. /My wallet has been lost.
6. 他献身于航天事业。
误: He devoted to the space flight.
析: devote为及物动词,“献身”通常用devote oneself to或be devoted to表达。
正: He was devoted to the space flight. /He devoted himself to the space flight.
7. 这本书很好卖。
误: This book is sold well.
析:从意义上讲,书是被卖,该用被动语态。但sell加上副词表示主语的性质时, sell为半系动词,所以应该用主动形式表示被动意义。
正: This book sells well.
8. 无论何时,只要需要帮助,我都愿意伸出援助之手。
误: I’m ready to give help whenever it needs.
析: it代指帮助,“需要帮助”应该理解为“别人需要帮助”,所以“帮助”就应该“被需要”。
正: I’m ready to give help whenever it is needed.
9. 我愿意和你交朋友。
误: I’d like to make a friend with you.
析: make friends with sb是固定短语, friends必须是复数形式。
正: I’d like to make friends with you.
10. 电子游戏很受学生的欢迎。
误: Video games is very popular with students.
析:由于主语是复数,所以谓语动词应该用复数形式。
正: Video games are very popular with students.
11. 护士正忙于照料伤员。
误: The nurse was busy tending to the wounded soldiers.
析:在本句中, tend表示“照顾,照料”与attend同义,用作及物动词,后直接跟宾语,不带介词to。 而tend to则表示“倾向,趋向”。例如: Modern camera design tends to simplicity. 现代照相机设计得越来越简单。
正: The nurse was busy tending the wounded soldiers.
12. 他爸爸每天都是骑车上班。
误: He’s father goes to work by bike every day.
析:“他爸爸”是“他的爸爸”的意思,因此he’s应该改成his。 很明显,此句混淆了he’s与his的意思。
正: His father goes to work by bike every day.
13. 上学期她教我们英语。
误: Last term she taught our English.
析: teach要求带双宾语,所以应该把our改成us。
正: Last term she taught us English.
14. 有数以百计的学生因为穷而不能上学。
误: There were hundreds of students couldn’t go to school because they were poor.