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英语语法填空总结规律 [单项填空八注意]

发布时间:2019-02-22 04:04:50 影响了:

  单项填空题是各级各类英语考试的基本题型。它可以用来考查词法、句法、惯用法、交际用语等各项内容,是一种设题灵活、覆盖面很广的多功能题型。做单项填空题时,除了要具备扎实的基础知识,还要注意以下八个方面的问题。
  
  一、注意“母语”的干扰
  The price of meat here is_________than hefore.
   A.expensive B.more expensive C.high D.higher
  汉语中,物品或价格可说“昂贵”,而英语中,只能说物品价格“高低”,答案应为D。类似的干扰:repeat与again,be-cause与s0,though/although与hut不能同时连用。
  
  二、注意“定势思维”的干扰
   Mary couldn"t help__________anything for her mother becauseshe was busy writing a novel.
  
   A.doing B.do
  C.did D.to be doing
  有些同学误选A,就是受can’t help doing(禁不住做某事)短语的定势影响。本题语境发生了变化,玛丽忙于写小说“不能”帮助母亲做事,而不是“禁不住做事”。又如:The day we look forward to_________.省略ing B.came C.is coming D.have come
  本句意为:我们盼望的那天就要来临了。
  we look forward tn为定语从句,B时态不符,故选c.
  
  三、注意“冗余信息”的干扰
  
  We should do more such exercises in the future,I think.those we did yesterday.
   A.like B.with C.about D.as
  撇开题干中“in the future,I think”不能提供帮助的冗余信息,可以看清句中含有“such…as”这一结构,故选D。又如:
  He,as well as l,_______Englsh now.
  A.1ike B.1ikes C.1iking D.is liking
  aswell as I为插入语,去之即得到B正确。
  
  四、注意题干中的标点符号
  
  _________we had to go to bed early last night.
  A.We were very tired B.So we were very tired
  C.Being very tired
   D.Being very tiring 句中有逗号,后一分句前又没有连词。分析题意,空格处应为表示原因的分词或从句,即Being verytired或Aswewereverytired。故选C。又如:
  He has many books, some of________are interesting.
   A.them B.which C.those D.that
  观察题干,有一逗号,some前又是一名词,这时可以判断后面是一个非限制性定语从句。故选B。
  
  五、注意利用“一致关系”
  
  一致关系包括主谓一致、时态一致、逻辑一致及句子结构一致等。如:
   He went there,___________some books and call on an old friendof his.
   A.bought B.buying C.buy D.to buy
  本题中and后是动词原形call,说明它是省略了“to”的不定式,在句中作目的状语,连词and连接的结构应对等,故答案为D。若将call改为called,应选A。
  
  六、注意“迟到信息”的影响
  
  在选择题的题干中,空格后一些信息往往对答案起决定作用。如:
  Which of the two hooks will you buy?
  I will buy_________,for I"ve got some such books.
  A.both B.either C.noone D.neither
  本题依据空格后迟到信息:我已有这样的书,应选用否定代词,从语法上排除c,故选D。
  
  七、注意分析句子结构
  
  Is this the watch you wish to__________?
   A.have it repaired B.repair it
   C.have repaired D.have repaired it
  变为陈述句后,本句结构就清晰了:This is the watch youwish t0 have repaired.watch后的关系代词因作have的宾语而省略。又如:
  Was it in the room__________Lu Xun was born?
   A.that B.who C.which D.where
  此句可换成:It was in the room________LH Xun was born.显然是强调句,因为去掉It was…that…不影响句子结构完整,故选A。若去掉介词in,该句则是带有定语从句的一般疑问句,那时应选D。
  
  八、注意上下文所提供的情景
  
  在做对话题时,要注意英语对话的习惯表达。如:
  We weren"t sure which way to go In the end we turned left
  You______the wrong way. You_______right.
  A.went,should have turned B.have gone. must turn
  C.went,would have turned D.had gone. must have turned
  此语境为某人在问路,而路人告知其走错了路,应朝右拐。言下之意为:他们做了不该做的事,应用句型shouldhavedone,本来应该怎样,故选A。

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