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[江西省典型矿区农村饮用水源地重金属污染分析]矿区典型重金属污染生态风险

发布时间:2019-07-11 03:47:01 影响了:

  摘要:在江西省典型矿区选取2个涉重企业作为污染源,在其附近布点采样,分析地表水/地下水、土壤中重金属的污染特征,以期为农村饮用水源地的划分和保护提供科学依据。结果表明,污染源A附近饮用水源水质保护较好,未受重金属污染;污染源B附近饮用水地表水源已受到镉和铅的污染,地下水源已轻微受到铅的污染;对于调查区域来讲,在枯水期要特别注意水源地锌和铅的污染,而在丰水期要特别注意铬和镉的污染;水源地附近土壤中锌和铅在枯水期更易于检出,特别是锌,丰水期时未检出,而枯水期的检出量都在100 mg/kg以上;除个别点外,铜在枯水期的检出量也较高;不同时期不同地点铬的检出量变化较大。
  关键词:农村;饮用水源地;重金属;污染特征;江西省
  中图分类号:X502 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2012)16-3597-04
  Analysis on Heavy Metal Contamination at Drinking Water Source of Countryside in Typical Mineral Region of Jiangxi Province
  WANG Tao1,LIU Zu-gen1,CHEN Hong-wen1,XU Qiu-jin2,PENG Kun-guo1
  (1. Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China;
  2. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China)
  Abstract: Two enterprises concerning with heavy metals in typical mineral region of Jiangxi province were chosen as pollution sources where sampling sites were set and samples were collected. The contents of heavy metals in surface water/underground water and soils were determined, and it would provided scientific basis for the division and protection of drinking water source in countryside. The results showed that drinking water was protected well near pollution source A and not subjected to the contamination of heavy metals; near pollution source B, the surface water had been contaminated by Cd and Pb, while underground water was slightly contaminated by Pb; as for the investigated area, the contamination of Zn and Pb in dry season needed more attention, while in wet season, the contamination of Cr and Cd needed more attention; Zn and Pb in the soils near drinking water sources could be detected easily in dry season, especially Zn, which couldn’t be detected in wet seasons, but in dry season, the contents were over 100 mg/kg; except for some sites, the contents of Cu in soils were higher in dry seasons; the contents of Cr in the soil of some sites were higher in dry seasons, while that in some sites were higher in wet seasons.
  Key words: countryside; drinking water source; heavy metal; contamination characteristics; Jiangxi province
  重金属作为环境中的一类持久性污染物,进入环境后不能通过微生物降解等作用去除,而是在多种介质中以复杂的形态存在并累积。环境中的重金属可通过多种途径进入人体[1-3],并在体内累积,对人体的健康产生影响[4-6]。饮水是重金属进入人体的主要途径之一,饮用水及水源地重金属污染受到了研究者的广泛关注[7-9]。
  江西省矿产资源丰富,矿产开采及矿产品加工已有上百年的历史,在带动经济迅速发展的同时,也给周边环境带来了重金属污染。有学者对江西省典型矿区土壤、河流及底泥中重金属的污染特征做了调查[10-12],还有学者对农村地区不同类型饮用水水质进行了分析[13],但对饮用水源地表水/地下水、土壤中重金属的污染特征尚缺乏系统调查,特别是有关广大农村饮用水水源地重金属污染特征调查分析方面的报道更为鲜见。本文对江西省典型矿区农村饮用水源地表水/地下水、土壤中重金属的污染特征进行调查分析,以期为农村饮用水水源地的划分与保护提供科学依据。

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