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[英语书面表达基本句式与常见句型]初中书面表达常用句式

发布时间:2019-01-15 03:49:23 影响了:

  [摘要] 书面表达是英语教学的重要内容,所以,在日常的教学中,必须让学生掌握英语的五大基本句式及基本句型结构,以便他们在写作中能写出合乎语法的句子并且能有一些高级句型的使用,使其文章连贯通顺、符合英语的表达习惯。
  [关键词] 英语书面表达 基本句式 常见句型
  
  在高考英语试卷中,书面表达为30分,占了整个试卷分值的五分之一,所以,这部分对于英语来说至关重要。但是在我们的日常教学中,书面表达的教学往往为教师和学生们所忽略,大家往往把大量的时间用于提高一卷的成绩。真正到了考试时,学生们往往写不出一句正确的句子,更谈不到应用高级句式,造成书面表达得分过低,从而影响了整个英语学科的得分。这就要求在日常的教学中,必须让学生掌握英语的五大基本句式及基本句型结构,以便他们在写作中能写出合乎语法的句子并且能有一些高级句型的使用,使其文章连贯通顺符合英语的表达习惯,能够取得理想的分数。
   一、书面表达的五种基本句式
   1. S+V+P (主+系动词+表).常见的系动词有:be, seem, appear, become, go, get, grow, turn, look, sound, feel, taste, smell
   例如:
   He is a maths teacher.
   他是一位数学老师。
   2.S+Vi.+(A)(主+不及物动词+(状))
   例如:
   The train leaves at 7:00.
   火车七点离站。
   3.S+Vt.+O (主+及物动词+宾)
   例如:
   The boss employed five more workers.
   老板又多雇了五个人。
   4.S +Vt. +Oi +Od (主+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
   有些动词需要接两个宾语。间接宾语一般由人充当,直接宾语一般由物充当。 常见的能接双宾语的动词有:give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send, cost,make, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。
   例如:
   Who sent you the computer?
   谁送你的电脑?
   5.S+ Vt.+ O + Oc (主+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语)
   例如:
   The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.
   村民们不允许他们做这件事。
   巩固练习:用括号内所给的基本句型将下列句子译成汉语,需要的话可加上适当的修饰语。
   1.你的故事听起来很有趣。(主+系+表)
   2.我妹妹是在农村长大的。(主+谓)
   3.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。(主+谓+宾)
   4.顺便问一下,他把钱付给你了吗?(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
   5.他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。(主+谓+宾+宾补)
   Keys:
   1.Your story sounds interesting .
   2.My sister grew up in the countryside.
   3.He broke traffic rules because he drove too fast.
   4.By the way, has he paid you the money?
   5.He always keeps his bedroom tidy.
   二、书面表达常见句型
   1.There be句型及其扩展形式,表示存在。常用的动词有stand, exist,lie run等。There可用地点状语替换。
   例如:
   In front of the house stands a tree.
   房前耸立着一颗树。
   练习:
   今天晚上将有一场报告。
   Keys:
   There will be a lecture tonight.
   2.强调句型(结构: It is/ was +被强调部分+that /指人时可用who代替)
   例如:
   It was from this incident that I felt the happiness to help others.
   就是从这件事我感到了帮助别人的快乐。
   练习:
   就是这次活动让我了解了保护环境有多么的重要。
   Keys:
   It was this activity that made me know how important to protect the environment.
   3.too…to…/so…as to…/…enough to do…/so…that…/such…that…表示结果。
   例如:
   The problem was so difficult that none of us could work it out.
   这道题如此的难以至于没有人做出来。
   练习:
   去年这个地区雨水很少,以至于村民们不得不从河里抽水。
   Keys:
   There was so little rain last year that the villagers had to pump water from the river.
   4.…not…until…/Not until…/ It was not until…that …直到……才…
   例如:
   He did not realize he was wrong until then.
   Not until then did he realize he was wrong .
   It was not until then that he realized he was wrong.
   直到那时他才意识到他错了。
   练习:
   直到他的父母来了,我们才回家。
   Keys:
   We did not go home until his parents came.
   5. Hardly…when…/ No sooner…than…刚一……就……
   例如:
   Hardly had we arrived home when it began to rain.
   我们刚一到家天就开始下雨了。
   练习:
   我们刚到河边就听见有人喊救命。
   Keys:
   Hardly had we arrived at the river when we heard calls for help.
   6.with复合结构
   基本构成模式:
   (1)with +宾语+介词短语
   (2)with +宾语+形容词
   (3)with +宾语+副词
   (4)with +宾语+分词结构
   (5)with +宾语+不定式结构
   例如:
   The girl looked beautiful with a new skirt on.
   小女孩穿着新裙子很漂亮。
   With so many cars running on the road, the environment got worse.
   路上有如此多的车环境日益变坏。
   With all lights on, the room was very bright.
   因为所有的灯都亮着屋子里很明亮。
   练习:
   (1)老师走进了教室,手里拿着一本书。
   (2)他的爷爷走了,留下他在那儿一个人画画。
   (3)有许多家务活要做,对不起我不能帮你学英语了。
   (4)把答案抄完之后,他交上了卷子。
   (5)会议结束了,校学生会做出了一个决定。
   (6)开着窗户,一只小鸟飞了进来。
   Keys:
   (1) The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.
   (2) Her grandfather left, with Xiao Hua drawing alone.
   (3) With a lot of homework to do, I’m sorry I can’t help you with English.
   (4) With all the answers copied, he handed in his paper.
   (5) Withthe meeting over, the Students’Union made a decision.
   (6) With the window open, a bird flew in.
   三、综合练习
   今天班长告诉我们明天要去长城。听到这个消息我高兴得跳了起来。我从来没有去过长城。这将是我第一次去那里。长城是世界上的一个奇迹且拥有悠久历史。是秦始皇把长城连接起来抵御敌人。长城是宇航员在月球上看到的为数不多的地球上的建筑之一。我一定要登上长城,因为有句谚语“不到长城非好汉。”
   Keys:
  Today, the monitor has told me that we are going to the Great Wall. Hearing the news, I have never been there. It will be my first time to be there, The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world with a long history. It is Emperor Qin who united the Great Wall to defend against the enemy. It is one of the few buildings that the astronauts can see on the moon. I must climb the Great Wall because there is an old saying: He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

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